煤基热塑性高分子材料功能化和稳定化的基本科学问题

近年来，我国煤化工技术发展迅速，煤基聚合物产量不断提高。随着山西省煤炭产业的转型和升级，开展煤基高分子材料的功能化、专用化和高性能化研究，对于提升煤基聚合物的竞争力和附加值至关重要。本项目针对煤化工产业的两大高分子材料品种-聚丙烯和聚酰胺6入手，围绕其功能化和稳定化开展工作。利用高分子化学和物理的研究手段，明确聚合物和小分子助剂的相互作用机理。（1）开展聚丙烯和成核剂的成核机理研究，建立微观形貌与聚丙烯储电性能的关系，阐明反应型受阻胺光稳定剂对聚丙烯的光氧稳定化机理。（2）瞄准聚酰胺6的水解稳定性及光热氧稳定性的分子机制，探讨不同助剂、填料、合金化等因素与聚酰胺6化学稳定性的相互关系，设计合成酰胺基本征型抗静电剂，研究其对聚酰胺6抗静电性能的长效作用机理，制备高性能、抗静电、性能稳定的聚酰胺6材料。本项目的研究成果将为山西省的煤化工高分子材料产业提供参考。

With the development of coal chemical technology in China, the species and amount of coal-based polymers are increasing rapidly. The coal chemical industry in Shanxi province is now needed to restructure and upgrade. Therefore, technologies of functionalization, specialization and performance enhancing are crucial for increasing the competitiveness and adding value of coal-based polymers. This project focuses on the functionalization and stabilization of the two major coal-based polymers, i.e., polypropylene and polyamide 6. The interaction mechanism between polymers and small molecular additives will be investigated by the methods of polymer chemistry and physics. (1) The nucleating mechanism of small molecular nucleating agents of polypropylene will be elucidated. The correlation of morphology and charge storage properties of polypropylene will be established. The photo-oxidative stabilization mechanism of polypropylene by reactive hindered amines light stabilizer will also be investigated. (2) For understanding the molecular mechanism for the stability of polyamide 6 by water, light, temperature and oxygen, the effects of additives, fillers and second components on the stability of polyamide 6 will be systematically studied. Intrinsic anti-electrostatic additives for polyamide 6 will be designed and synthesized. The long-term interaction mechanism between polyamide 6 and the anti-electrostatic additives will be clarified. High performance polyamide 6 materials with anti-electrostatic and high stability will be prepared. The project implementation will provide helpful references for the coal-based polymer industry in Shanxi Province.