亚洲中低纬度地区日食电离层偶发E(Es)层效应研究

日食不仅是一种独特的天文现象，而且是研究电离层形态、动力学和光化学过程很好的空间天气实验。日食电离层环境的改变，使得电离层出现系列扰动，但其研究主要集中在电离层大尺度电子密度变化和波动传播方面，而受限于以往观测和模拟的限制，日食对电离层小尺度不均匀结构Es层的影响过程仍不清晰。基于此，本项目发挥近些年来多源地基数字测高仪、VHF雷达、GNSS和天基COSMIC1/2掩星等观测资料快速发展和组网的优势，重点针对亚洲中低纬地区，研究日食环境下Es层的变化特性、控制因素和相关物理过程。研究不同纬度、经度地区Es层响应的形态学特征，对比统计不同日食环境下Es层的变化规律，探索外部驱动源（大气重力波、电场、风场）和电离层内部环境对日食电离层Es层效应的作用过程。本项目的实施不仅有助于揭示日食电离层环境对Es层的影响作用及其控制因素，而且能够提高对电离层形态和动力学过程的认识，具有十分重要的科学意义。

Solar eclipse is not only a unique astronomical phenomenon, but also a good space weather experiment to study the morphology, dynamics and photochemical process of the ionosphere. During the solar eclipse, the change of the ionospheric environment can result in a series of ionospheric disturbances. The large-scale electron density variations and the propagation of the induced waves are widely reported during the solar eclipse. However, the responses of the small-scale inhomogeneous structure of the sporadic-E (Es) layer are still unclear due to the limitations of the previous observations and simulations. Accordingly, this project takes advantage of the rapid development and networking of the multi-source ground-based digisonde, VHF radar and the GNSS network and the space-based COSMIC1/2 occulation observations in recent years, to explore the characteristics, controlling factors and corresponding physical processes of the ionospheric Es layer during the solar eclipses in the middle and low latitudes of Asia. Details include: (1) studying the morphological characteristics and differences in the response of the ionospheric Es layer in different latitudes and longitudes; (2) comparing and statistically analyzing the ionospheric Es layer variations under different eclipse environments ; (3) disclosing the interaction between the external driving sources (atmospheric gravity waves, electric field, neutral wind) and the internal background environment of the ionosphere on the morphological structure and evolutionary process of the Es layer during the solar eclipse. This study can not only reveal the influence of the eclipse on the ionospheric Es layer and its controlling factors, but also improves the understanding of the morphological structure and dynamical processes of the ionosphere, which is of great scientific importance.