重子是构成物质世界最重要的粒子，而直到2015年，人类才首次由LHCb实验组探测到了明确的五夸克态重子。对重味五夸克重子质量谱和衰变性质的研究，有助于更加深刻的认识和理解物质世界的组成、自然界粒子的性质以及基本相互作用的规律。本研究基于介子-重子分子态的观点，建立利用相对论性Bethe-Salpeter（BS）方程处理重味五夸克重子的理论框架，该方法可以自动包含不同轨道分波和径向激发态间的混合效应和相对论效应。本项目的主要研究内容包括：1）基于重强子和味对称性计算重味（介子-重子）在单玻色子交换下的有效相互作用；2）建立介子-重子束缚的BS方程及在瞬时近似下的三维Salpeter方程，并构造具有确定自旋-宇称量子数的相对论性Salpeter波函数；3）求解重味五夸克重子的质量谱并进行相关衰变的精确计算。本项目所发展的方法和得到的结果对于五夸克重子的实验探测和理论研究都具有重要的意义和价值。

Baryons are the most important particles consisting of the real world. Only until 2015 people had confirmed the existence of the pentaquark states from the results reported by the LHCb collaboration. The studies of the pentaquarks spectra and decay properties would help us more deeply understand the essence of the matter world, the properties of the fundamental particles, and the laws of their interactions. In this project, based on the heavy meson-baryon molecular states interpretation, we would build the theoretical framework to deal with the heavy pentaquark states with the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), which could directly include the relativistic corrections and the mixing effects from the orbital and the radial excitations. The main contents consist of the following parts: 1) considering the spin and flavor symmetries of the heavy hadrons, we will calculate the interaction kernel between a heavy meson and a heavy baryon based on the one-boson exchange; 2) the BSE and its three-dimensional form of the molecular states are then built up and derived, and then the relativistic Salpeter wave functions will be constructed properly according to the spin-parity quantum numbers; 3) finally, we will obtain the mass spectra, calculate the decays precisely, and then estimate the lifetimes of the pentaquark states. The methods developed and the results obtained in this project would be meaningful in the experimental detections and theoretically studies of the pentaquarks.