光核桃是青藏高原特有的珍稀濒危植物，具有重要的生态价值和经济价值。前期研究发现，光核桃在不同海拔梯度上的遗传变异规律存在明显差异。然而，受分子标记数量的影响，目前对光核桃海拔梯度的遗传分化研究尚存争议。本项目拟在充分掌握光核桃分布特点的基础上，采集不同海拔梯度的光核桃种群样本，构建简化基因组文库并进行测序，鉴定基因组水平的SNP标记，分离中性和受选择的位点；基于中性位点分析不同海拔梯度上的种群遗传结构、基因流和有效种群大小，明确种群遗传分化规律，阐明光核桃的进化历史和濒危机制；筛选与海拔相关的受选择位点，对关联基因进行功能注释，探讨海拔差异导致光核桃种群遗传分化的机制。研究结果对于揭示光核桃对不同海拔环境的适应性、解析其变异规律和进化机制、制定科学保护策略与措施等具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Prunus mira is a rare and endangered plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which has important ecological and economic values. Variation patterns were significant differences in P. mira at different elevation gradients in previous studies. Due to the number of molecular markers, the genetic differentiation under different elevation gradients of P. mira is still controversial. On the basis of fully understanding the distribution characteristics of P. mira, we will collect samples from P. mira populations at different elevation gradients, construct a RAD-seq library, and identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers at the genome level. The neutral and selected SNP loci will be isolated, and the genetic structure, gene flow, and effective population size of the populations at different elevation gradients were further analyzed based on the neutral loci to clarify the population genetic differentiation rules, and to elucidate the population evolution history and the mechanisms contributing to the endangerment of P. mira. The selected loci that were related to altitude will be screened, and the functional annotation of related genes be carried out to investigate the genetic differentiation mechanisms caused by altitude differences. The results have important theoretical and practical significance for revealing the adaptability of P. mira to different altitudes, for analyzing the variations and evolutionary mechanisms, and for formulating scientific protection strategies and measures.