获得纳米尺度的相分离，并调控P3HT分子链的有序堆砌以及PCBM聚集行为是提高激子分离效率和载流子传输，优化P3HT/PCBM器件性能的关键。针对于此，本项目拟采用取向液晶小分子模板调控P3HT/PCBM体系的结晶与相分离，即在P3HT/PCBM体系中引入含噻吩单元的棒状与盘状液晶小分子，在外电场或磁场作用下，诱导液晶小分子取向，以此为模板进而调控P3HT分子链结构的有序化以及PCBM的聚集行为。系统研究电场与磁场的强度、方向、作用时间、液晶小分子结构等因素对P3HT结晶行为的影响，阐明取向液晶小分子诱导P3HT分子链形成有序结构的机理。同时，研究PCBM聚集体的尺寸与分布，理解液晶小分子模板对PCBM聚集行为的调控机制。研究三元体系组分之间的能量传递关系，揭示液晶小分子的区域分布，并建立聚集态结构与载流子迁移率和太阳能电池器件综合性能之间的联系，为制备高效太阳能电池提供思路。

It is the key point to improve the efficiency of charge separation and charge transport and the photovoltaic properties of P3HT/PCBM solar cell by the induction of P3HT molecular chains to form ordered structure and the control of the aggregation behavior of PCBM. The project aims to control the crystallization and phase separation of P3HT/PCBM system by the use of the oriented template of liquid crystalline molecules (LCs). In the P3HT/PCBM system, the discotic and rod-like LCs containing thiophene structure will be added. By the application of the externally electric or magnetic field, the LCs are oriented according to the direction of the external fields, serving as the template to induce the orientation of the P3HT molecular chains, as well as the aggregation behavior of PCBM. The effects of the intensity and direction of electric or magnetic field, the time, and the chemical structure of the LCs on the crystallization of P3HT are investigated in detail, in order to explain the mechanism of the formation of ordered structure for P3HT chains inducing by the liquid crystalline templates. In addition, the distribution and diameter of PCBM aggregates in P3HT will be studied to illustrate the mechanism of the aggregation behavior of PCBM controlled by the oriented LCs. Furthermore, the energy transfer between the components in ternary system will be analyzed, to illustrate the distribution of LCs in P3HT/PCBM. The relationship between the morphology and charge transfer and performance of solar cells will be investigated. The results of the research may provide new ideas on the development of high-performance polymer solar cells.