近年来，中性粒细胞作为免疫调节细胞的作用越来越多的得到证实。在移植物急性排斥反应中，中性粒细胞是肾移植术后最早浸润到移植物的炎症细胞，并主要通过释放IFN-γ相关T细胞趋化因子介导排斥反应的发生。文献报道FcγRIIIB受体是一种表达于中性粒细胞膜表面的GPI锚定蛋白，其信号传导与ITAM信号通路有关。我们的前期研究发现，Fcgr3B基因低拷贝肾移植受者更容易发生急性排斥反应，且FcγRIIIB受体影响了IFN-γ刺激后下游趋化因子的表达。此外，研究证实ITAM信号通路具有调控免疫细胞IFN-γ相关的Jak-STAT信号通路活性的作用。本课题的主要目的是明确FcγRIIIB受体信号传导与ITAM基序的具体关系及其如何参与调控Jak-STAT信号通路，从而为治疗移植术后急性排斥反应寻找新的治疗靶点。

The immunomodulation function of neutrophil has recnetly been proved vigorously. Neutrophil is the first inflammatory cell which infiltrate into the allograft in acute allograft rejection after renal transplantation. Then the recruitment of T lymphocytes to the allograft by the IFN-γ induced chemokines which released by neutrophils initiat the acute allograft rejetion. FcγRIIIB receptor is a GPI anchored protien which exclusively expression on human neutrophils. FcγRIIIB receptor signal transduction was reported to associated with ITAM motif. On the other hand,it has been confirmed that ITAM as a signal switch can modulate the IFN-Jak-STAT signal pathway. Our study is to find the relation between FcγIIIB signal transduction and ITAM motif, and the mechanism by which FcγIIIB regulate the acute allograft rejction.