基于Mannich反应的芳伯胺染料—蛋白质纤维共价键合染色机制及其构效关系

针对传统蛋白质纤维染色中色牢度不佳、染料利用率低及污染严重等问题，拟将蛋白质侧基化学修饰反应与纤维染色相结合，以天然蛋白质纤维中含量较高的酪氨酸残基的酚羟基邻位作为亲电反应位点，与水溶性芳伯胺染料和醛组分或者两者缩合形成的席夫碱染料，通过Mannich反应在接近室温弱酸性染浴中实现共价键合染色。探明芳伯胺染料与蛋白质纤维发生Mannich反应的条件和性能，阐述其形成共价键合染色的机制，揭示芳伯胺染料、醛组分与蛋白质纤维Mannich反应染色性能之间的构效关系，建立染料结构设计与醛组分结构选择的原则和蛋白质纤维色深、匀染性、透染性、上染速率及固色率的有效调控手段，为创建有别于传统染色方法的性能优异、节能环保的新型反应性蛋白质纤维Mannich反应染色技术和染料结构设计提供科学依据。

Regarding to the problems of low dyeing fastness, low capacity factor and the serious pollution of traditional dyeing of protein fibres, the chemical modification on side group of protein is supposed to be combined to dyeing of fibres with covalent bonds, where the tyrosine residue is considered to be the electrophilic reaction site and reacts with water soluble aromatic primary amine dye and aldehyde component in a weak acidic dyeing bath at near room temperature or the Schiff base dye formed. The research will make clear the condition and properties of Mannich reaction between aromatic primary amine dye and protein fibre and describe the mechanism of dyeing with covalent bond formed with each other. The relationship between Mannich reaction dyeing properties and the structure of aromatic primary amine dye and aldehyde component will also be revealed. The principle of structure design of dye and choice of aldehyde component and the controlling methods on colour yield, dyeing leveling, penetration, dyeing speed and fixing will be set up. The project will supply the scientific basis for development of novel reactive dyeing technology for protein fibres with excellent, energy saving and ecological properties and the design of dye structure.