微孔发泡材料多峰泡孔结构与表面润湿性能调控及机理研究

基于泡孔成核与长大原理，本项目拟提出一种简易可行的制备多峰泡孔结构高分子材料的新方法—升温与降压协同作用法，探明形成多峰泡孔结构的饱和温度与发泡温度差、第二次饱和时间的阙值，揭示多峰泡孔结构的形成过程及机理，实现通过改变发泡工艺条件、物料特性参数达到调控材料泡孔结构的目的。阐明多峰泡孔结构对材料表面润湿性能的影响规律，解译多峰泡孔结构表面呈现超疏水特性的机理，建立表面水接触角与泡孔直径、泡孔密度、泡孔分布、孔隙率之间的关联模型，筛选出具有超疏水特性的多峰泡孔结构高分子材料。最后，通过修饰、组合多峰泡孔结构表面初步设计出表面张力驱动微型混合器，为制备仿生功能表面和设计微流控器件提供新思路和新方法。这不仅对于指导高分子发泡材料微结构设计与调控具有重要的科学意义，同时对于拓宽高分子发泡材料应用范围也具有十分重要的现实意义。

Based on the nucleation and cell growth theories, a new and more feasible method – synergistic effect of temperature rising and depressurization – is proposed to prepare microcellular foams with poly-modal cell structure. The thresholds of the difference between foaming and saturation temperatures, and the second saturation time for the formation of poly-modal cell structure are analyzed. The formation process and mechanism of the poly-modal cell structure are investigated. The cell structure is manipulated by changing foaming and material parameters. Furthermore, the effect of poly-modal cell structure on the surface wettability of microcellular foams is studied. The formation mechanism of superhydrophobic surface with poly-modal cell structure, as well as the relationships between water contact angle and mean cell diameter, cell density, cell distribution and porosity of microcellular foams are investigated. The poly-modal cell structure foams with surface superhydrophobic wetting properties are selected. Finally, micro-mixer driven by surface tension is designed through modification and combination of surfaces with poly-modal cell structure, which provides a new method for the preparation of bionic function surface and the design of microfluidics. Therefore, this work not only has scientific signification in guiding the design and tailoring for the microstructure of microcellular foams, but also has practical signification in expanding the application of microcellular foams.