高电压复合绝缘子酥朽断裂试验模拟及断裂机理研究

复合绝缘子优异的防污闪性能以及对早期运行中出现的脆断事故的成功解决，使得其成为中国输电线路特别是特高压线路中用量最大的绝缘子。然而近十几年来，国内外出现了数十起复合绝缘子的异常断裂，其断裂特征与已知的脆断和通常断裂均不相同。根据其断面形貌特征，这种新的断裂被命名为“酥朽断裂”。酥朽断裂事故率虽然极低，但属于绝缘子断串的恶性事故，甚至会导致导线落地。目前对酥朽断裂的机理研究很少，也未能模拟再现出酥朽断裂的完整过程，从而缺乏有针对性的防护措施，这对输电线路的安全可靠运行提出了紧迫的挑战。.本项目拟采用实际事故分析与模拟试验相结合的方法，首先分析实际酥朽断裂的详细事故特征，研究影响酥朽断裂的内在和外在劣化因素及可能劣化过程；进而设计和研制酥朽断裂的模拟试验方法和试验平台，研究各劣化因素在酥朽断裂的起始及发展过程中的作用机制，揭示酥朽断裂的断裂机理，为复合绝缘子的设计、制造和运行维护提供理论依据。

Composite insulator is the most used insulator in China's power systems due to its excellent ability of anti-pollution-flashover and the successful resolution of brittle facture occurred in the early operation. In recent years, there have been dozens of electric accidents caused by a new type of composite insulator abnormal fracture at home and abroad. The fracture characteristics of this new type abnormal fracture are different from the known brittle fracture and normal fracture. According to the fracture morphology, this new type of abnormal fracture is named 'Decay-like fracture'. Although the Decay-like fracture composite insulator has a very low crash rate, it is a malignant accident of the broken string of the insulator, and even leads to the drop of energized conductor. At present, there are few researches on the mechanism of the Decay-like fracture, the complete process of the Decay-like fracture has not been successfully experimental simulated, thus lacking targeted protective measures. It presents urgent challenges for the safe and reliable operation of transmission lines..This project employs the combination methods of actual accident analysis and laboratory simulation test. Firstly, the actual Decay-like fracture composite insulators will be collected and analyzed, the intrinsic and extrinsic degradation factors affecting the fracture and the possible deterioration process will be investigated. Furthermore, the simulation test method and test platform for the Decay-like fracture will be designed and developed to study the mechanism of the various degradation factors in the initiation and development in the Decay-like fracture. Finally, the mechanism of the Decay-like fracture will be proposed. This project provides a theoretical basis for the design, manufacture and operation of composite insulators.