婴幼儿家庭跌落伤居家环境的风险评估及干预效果研究

伤害是我国儿童的首位死因，婴幼儿伤害发生和死亡的占比最高。家中是最常发生伤害的场所，加强居家环境危险因素的识别并采取针对性的干预是预防婴幼儿家庭伤害的根本所在。我国未见基于婴幼儿生长发育特点设计的居家环境风险测评量表及严格的实验设计开展的家庭伤害干预研究。本研究拟在前期完成的家庭环境与儿童伤害观察性研究基础上，基于我国婴幼儿的生长发育特点，以居首位、最易受居家环境影响的跌落伤为切入点，研制婴幼儿“家庭跌落伤居家环境危险因素及其密度测评量表”，并通过家庭访视进行验证；随后开展随机对照试验研究，基于量表识别的伤害危险因素及其动态变化，采取有针对性的综合的居家环境改造措施进行干预，评价干预措施效果。本研究以期研制符合我国国情和婴幼儿生长发育特点的跌落伤居家环境风险测评量表、明确致伤因子，并评价居家环境干预措施降低婴幼儿家庭跌落伤发生率的效果，为制定这一高危群体的伤害预防策略提供最有力的证据支持。

Injury is the leading cause of death for children in China. Infants and toddlers have the highest proportion of rates and deaths of injuries. The home environment is the leading location of injury-related morbidity for infants and young children. Thus, strengthening the identification and intervention of injury hazards in the home environment is the basis for preventing residential injury. There are no validated measures to assess injury risk factors in the home environment based on the growth and development characteristics of infants and toddlers in China. Also, intervention study for home injury in children using a randomized experimental design is lacking. On the basis of our previous observational study about home environment and unintentional injury for children, this study aims to develop and validate a scale based on the growth and development characteristics of Chinese infants and young children to quantify environmental risk factors and its density for falls, the top mechanism for home injuries. Then we use the scale to identify injury risks for falls at home and its dynamics, and conduct a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of synthesized environmental interventions in the homes of infants and young children on all injuries from falls at home. The purpose of this study is to develop a validated scale assessing home environment risk that in line with China's national conditions and growth and development characteristics of Chinese infants and young children, to understand the mechanism of injury, and to evaluate the effect of home modifications in reducing the rate of injuries caused by falls at home for infants and toddlers, so as to provide the strongest evidence for the development of injury prevention strategies for this high-risk group.