卵母细胞减数分裂进程与其被筛选形成原始卵泡的关系研究

雌性哺乳动物出生前后建立于卵巢中的原始卵泡库，是其一生的卵母细胞来源。在原始卵泡库建立的过程中，仅有约三分之一的卵母细胞被卵巢体细胞包裹形成原始卵泡而存活；其余都会发生凋亡。但目前为止，我们对于卵母细胞被筛选并形成原始卵泡的内在分子机制，依然知之甚少。我们前期的研究表明，在原始卵泡形成过程中，卵母细胞的存活与其减数分裂的进程直接相关，而卵母细胞中第二信使分子cAMP在此过程中发挥重要功能；发现极性蛋白（PAR6）可作为特异性分子来标记被选择存活的卵母细胞，但减数分裂的顺利进行是否与卵母细胞能被筛选形成原始卵泡有直接相关性尚不清楚。我们拟基于已有研究成果，利用小鼠卵巢在体荧光标记示踪和卵巢体外培养等技术，研究原始卵泡形成过程中卵母细胞减数分裂所处特定时期是否与其能否被选择形成原始卵泡相关，本课题将为阐明原始卵泡库建立的分子机制奠定基础，为临床筛选优质卵母细胞用于辅助生殖提供新思路。

In mammalian ovaries, the primordial follicle pool which establishes during the perinatal stage represents the entirety reproductive potential of female over the life span. Only one-third of oocytes survived and could be surrounded by somatic cells and form primordial follicles. The remaining large numbers of oocytes finally die before individual follicles are formed. However, the mechanism of the selection and apoptosis processes remains a mystery so far. Our previous study showed that dictyate arrest of oocytes is crucial for primordial follicle formation in vivo and this process is controlled by cyclic AMP (cAMP). In addition, we found that the partitioning-defective protein 6 (PAR6) is a potential marker for the germ cells selected to form primordial follicles in mouse ovary. However, it is still unclear if the timely progress of meiosis relates to the selection of oocyte to form the primordial follicle. Therefore, this study aims to found out whether the meiotic process will be the selective mechanism for oocyte and what the molecular biological mechanism will be. Our study may have broad physiological and clinical implications for a better understanding of ovarian pathology.