深层油气的来源和演化：单体化合物和硫碳同位素限定

>4500m的深层-超深层油气已成为了我国勘探的重点。但是，对于深层油气的来源、破坏甚至“死亡”的机理还认识不清。本研究拟以塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系油气藏和烃源岩为研究对象，测试油、干酪根和单体化合物硫碳同位素组成，结合实验模拟，1)研究硫碳同位素用于深层油气与烃源岩对比的适用条件，建立多指标对比方法，查明塔里木盆地下古生界油气的来源；2)查明热成熟作用是否生成了新的金刚烷，开发新的地球化学指标来计算深层油裂解程度 3)验证TSR是否同时生成了金刚烷和硫代金刚烷，影响了金刚烷成熟度参数，阐明其成因；开发新的地球化学指标来计算深层油气成熟度和氧化-破坏程度；4)比较不同盆地、不同地区油气裂解、氧化-破坏程度，确定控制因素，建立预测深层油气分布的综合模式；从而建立具有我国特色的、多期成藏的油气与源岩对比的方法和深层油气保存和破坏理论。

Deep and super-deep reservoirs (>4500m) become key targets for petroleum exploration in China. However, it is unclear about the sources, destruction and even “death“ of the deep buried petroleum. Oil and gas and source rocks from the Cambrian and Ordovician in the Tarim Basin will be chosen for case studies, carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions will be analyzed on whole oil and kerogen,individual compounds, and a series of hydrous pyrolysis simulation experiments will be carried out. The purposes are, 1) to determine controlling conditions under which deep oil and solid bitumen can be correlated with the potential source rocks using organic sulfur and carbon isotope compositions, to find multi-proxies to determine the sources of oils and gas in the Tarim basin; 2) to check if diamandoids are generated during oil thermal maturation and to develop a new proxy to reflect the cracking degrees; 3) to confirm whether and how diamondoids and thiadiamondoids are generated during TSR, and if and why TSR has effects on diamondoids-related maturity proxies ; and to develop new proxies to determine maturities and degrees of oxidization-destruction of deep petroleum; 4) to determine factors to control cracking, destruction and even death of liquid hydrocarbons by comparing different basins and different areas of the same basin and to establish a synthetic model to predict deep oil and gas distribution, and thus to establish methods for correlation of source rocks with oil and gas generated and charged during multi-generations, and summarize a law for preservation and destruction of oils in deep to super-deep reservoirs, which are characteristic of basins in western China.