我国近海环境中当前使用农药(CUPs)气固分配与海气交互作用研究

传统有机氯农药的禁止使用，使得新型农药大量进入环境，但目前对这些新型的正在使用农药(CUPs)的环境存在、行为及生态效应仍知之甚少，特别对我国这一农药使用大国，相关基础研究尤为薄弱，研究深度和广度远远不够，在我国海洋环境中的调查与监测数据量也很少。本项目选择典型CUPs组分为目标物，考察它们在我国北方近岸海域(渤海和北黄海)城市和远离人类活动的海岛大气和表层海水中的分布特征及时空变化，阐明大气中CUPs的气固分配机制及影响其大气迁移能力的控制因素，构建定量预测CUPs气固分配系数的模型，评估近海区域内典型CUPs的排放强度及影响因子，计算CUPs的海气交换通量，摸清不同组分在海气间交换过程中的临界条件和主要决定因素，评估CUPs的干湿沉降对区域内海洋环境中CUPs的贡献量。本项目对揭示CUPs在海洋环境中分布和迁移规律，以及准确评价CUPs的生态风险具有重要科学意义。

After typical organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were globally banned, consumption of new pesticides, especial for current use pesticides (CUPs), in the world has increased rapidly in recent years. However, occurrence environmental behaviors and fate of CUPs in China coastal waters are poorly understood. In this study, the concentrations of several typical CUPs will be measured in surface seawater and air in a seaside city and an island far away from human activity, and to (1) investigate their distribution profiles, temporal and spatial trends in seawater and air; (2) explain the mechanism controlling their gas/particle partitioning and develop the prediction model for gas/particle partition coefficients; (3) explore the remove rates of CUP compounds from the source to the sink and find the factors influencing the potential of the long range atmospheric transport; (4) estimate the emission source strength of typical CUPs in the atmosphere of a certain region; (5) calculate their air-sea exchange fluxes, reveal the critical condition of air-sea exchange direction and assess the contribution of dry/wet deposition to the total load of CUPs within the target region. The results obtained in this study are expected to be helpful to understand the environmental distribution and ecological risks of CUPs, especial for their fate and atmospheric transport potential in the atmosphere in the coastal environments of north China.