醚基稀有金属功能离子液体与有机溶剂二元混合物性质的研究

本项目在一定温度范围内，测定醚基稀有金属功能离子液体与有机溶剂组成二元混合物全浓度范围的密度、表面张力和粘度，提出混合物摩尔表面Gibbs自由能新函数，用这个新函数得到混合物改进的Eötvös经验方程并建立预测二元混合物热力学性质的半经验方法；在预研中，提出相对体积和相对粘度两个新概念，在此基础上得到一个新规律：无量纲的混合物粘滞流动超额活化Gibbs自由能等于相对体积和相对粘度乘积的对数，根据这个新规律，可以用实验数据来计算任何组成混合物粘滞流动活化过程的所有热力学函数。如果其他二元混合物也都能适用，说明这个新规律具有较高的科学价值；利用二元混合物体系超额摩尔体积与混合物组成的关系，能够预测任何组成的二元混合物平均摩尔体积；无量纲的混合物粘滞流动超额活化Gibbs自由能的实验数据与Redlich-Kister方程结合，可以预测任何组成的混合物粘度。因此，本项目有较大学术意义和实用价值。

Density, surface tension and viscosity of binary mixtures of {ether-functionalized ionic liquid with rare metal + organic solvent} within a certain temperature range were measured, a new function-the molar surface Gibbs free energy of the binary mixtures was put forward. Using the new function, the improved Eötvös empirical equation was obtained and semiempirical methods to estimate the thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures were also established; Based on the two new concepts-the relative volume Vr and the relative viscosity ηr proposed in this project, a new rule was found, that is, the nondimensional excess activation Gibbs free energy of viscous flow for the mixtures, ΔG≠E/RT, equals to the logarithm of the product of the relative volume and the relative viscosity. The mathematical equation for the new rule is ΔG≠E/RT = ln(Vrηr). According to the new rule, all activation thermodynamic functions of the viscous flow of the mixtures with any composition can be determined experimentally and if this new rule can be applied to other binary mixtures, it shows that it is an important scientific law; The average molar volume of the binary mixtures can be predicted by the relationship between the excess molar volume and the composition. The combination of experimental ΔG≠E/RT values and Redlich-Kister empirical equation could estimate viscosity of binary mixtures with any composition. Hence, this project has great academic significance and practical value.