同轨集合SAR-Scatterometer微波多维探测理论与模式研究

四维度（入射俯仰角与方位角，散射俯仰角与方位角）雷达散射矩阵能够更完整描述地物的散射特性，丰富遥感地物信息。目前微波遥感手段仅能获取特定入射角的一维后向散射系数，使微波遥感应用受到制约。本项目拟通过严谨的理论建模与完善的系统仿真，构建多角度和多站观测模式，建立完整的目标散射-雷达信号模型-多维大斜视成像方法的理论体系，提出全新的同轨集合SAR-Scatterometer的微波多维探测理论方法，获取宽动态范围、高辐射精度的多维雷达散射系数，实现散射信息由传统的点扩大到面的转变，使同轨集合SAR-Scatterometer微波遥感探测系统具有带宽大、分辨率高、信噪比高、超大斜视角极化干涉散射一体成像等特点，具备高空间分辨率SAR与高辐射精度微波散射仪(Scatterometer)的综合优势。通过本项目研究，将创立一种新型微波遥感探测机制， 拓展微波遥感基础理论，引领雷达遥感科学技术创新。

A scattering matrix at four dimensional (incident angel, azimuthal angle, scattering angle, azimuth angle) is more complete to characterize target’s scattering property and thus to infer more information about the target under probing. Conventional and presently operating microwave remote sensing approach is somehow capability limited due to the fact that only backscattering coefficient is measured at a single incident angle. This proposal is aim at developing a novel integrated multi-static SAR-Scatterometer system, fundamentally based on and aided by process of theoretical modeling and full-blown system simulation. The system is expected to measure the scattering coefficients at multi-angle, multi-static configuration, and yet at high dynamic range and high radiometric precision, greatly expanding the information retrieval from backscattering only to at least two-dimensional scattering coefficients. The proposed system has merits of ultra-wide bandwidth, high spatial resolution, large signal-to-noise ratio, and large squint angle PolinSAR. The key feature of the proposed system lies in its profound infusion of high-spatial resolution of SAR and high radiometric resolution of Scatterometer. It is feasibly expected that the project will drive a frontier research on microwave remote sensing from theory to applications, aside from improving of capability of inferring the vertical structure information of the target, and thus open a new chapter of the microwave remote sensing.