基于多重证据法的湮废园林复原方法及其评价体系研究——以明代止园为例

中国园林的早期实例在历史长河中多已湮灭或废弃。早期实例的缺乏，极大制约了风景园林的历史研究和理论建设。利用诗文文献和绘画图像等资料对湮废园林进行复原研究，是风景园林理论研究的核心问题，目前已有丰富的成果积累。复原成果的优劣与复原依据的数量和质量密切相关，并受到复原操作过程的影响。目前对复原方法仍缺少科学的探讨和总结，对复原成果的准确度也缺少可量化的评价标准。本课题选择明代止园为例，以《止园图》和园记诗文为基础，同时参照遗址考古、同时期造园理论和明清相关园林遗存等多重证据，完成止园园林复原，并总结一套基于多重证据参照的复原方法；同时基于AHP层次分析法，建立一套检验复原成果准确度的评价体系。该方法可以提高湮废园林复原成果的质量，评价体系可以对复原成果进行可量化的准确度评价，从而为湮废园林的复原研究提供方法论的指导，解决园林历史研究早期实例欠缺的困境，推进风景园林学科的理论建设。

Most early examples of Chinese gardens have perished or have been abandoned in the history. The lack of early examples of these gardens have greatly restricted the historical and theoretical research of landscape architecture. How to reconstruct the perished gardens with historical evidences such as poetry literature and paintings is a central issue in the theoretical research of garden landscape. The quality of reconstruction results is closely related to the quantity and quality of the related historical evidences, and is affected by the reconstruction process. Even though there have been abundant achievements in reconstruction, at present, there is still a lack of scientific standards for a unified reconstruction method. As a result, the accuracy of reconstruction results lacks quantifiable evaluation criteria. In this project, the Zhi Garden in the Ming Dynasty has been selected as a case study. Its reconstruction is based on the "Zhi Garden Album", the poems and records of the Garden. References have been made to the archaeology of the site, the theory of gardening in the same period and the relevant garden remains of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The formation of this reconstruction methods is based on multiple evidence references; at the same time, based on the AHP analytic method, we can establish an evaluation system to test the accuracy of the reconstruction results. This method can improve the quality of the reconstruction results of perished gardens, and the evaluation system can quantify the accuracy assessment of the reconstruction results, thereby, providing methodological guidance for the reconstruction research of perished gardens. This will solve the problem of the lack of early examples of landscape historical research, and will promote future theoretical research in the disciple of landscape architecture.