高分子刷诱导构筑功能性可控空心结构的方法建立与性能研究

空心结构材料的通用性按需设计与性能挖掘一直是当前研究的热点与技术难题。空心胶体因其负载能力高、物质流通强等特性在多领域、多交叉学科中得到了广泛应用，但目前不仅合成方法单一，而且骨架材料的选择仍受限，严重阻碍其商业化应用，归根结底还是缺乏简便可控的通用性合成策略，而且还存在对空腔形成过程监测不足，空腔形状及形式较为固定、难以精准控制空腔功能化等亟待突破的科学问题。申请人近年发现聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（PGMA）可诱导空腔的产生，为设计空心结构提供了新思路。因此，本项目提出开发利用PGMA高分子刷诱导形成空心结构的普适性方法，跟踪空腔形成过程并探究其形成机理，揭示空腔形状及尺寸的控制规律，系统研究高分子刷接枝密度、分子量、组成成分等对空腔的影响规律，建立空腔功能化方法，综合评价功能化空心结构的应用性能。本项目的完成，将丰富空心结构的合成工具库，建立一套完整的高分子刷诱导可控合成空心结构的方法体系。

The universal design on demand and performance mining of hollow structural materials have always been the hotspots and technical problems of current research. Hollow colloids are widely used in many fields and interdisciplinary disciplines due to their high load capacity and strong material circulation. However, not only the synthesis method is single, but the choice of framework materials is still limited, which seriously hinders its commercial application. In the final analysis, there is still a lack of a simple and controllable generalized synthesis strategy. Meanwhile, there are urgent scientific problems that need to be broken, such as insufficient monitoring of the cavity formation process, relatively fixed cavity shapes and forms, and difficulty in accurately controlling cavity functionalization. Applicants have found in recent years that polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) can induce the generation of cavities, providing new ideas for designing hollow structures. Therefore, this project proposes the development of a generalized method for inducing the formation of hollow structures using PGMA polymer brushes. Using this method, we track the formation process of cavities, explore the formation mechanism, reveal the control law of cavity shape and size, and systematically study the grafting density of polymer brush, molecular weight, composition and other factors affecting the cavity. We establish a polymer brush-dominated cavity functionalization method, and comprehensively evaluate the application performance of functional hollow structures. The completion of this project will enrich the synthesis toolbox of hollow structures, and establish a complete method system of polymer brushes to induce controllable synthesis of hollow structures, and reveal the general theoretical basis and functional technology platform for cavity formation. It provides theoretical support and technical reference for the application of micro/nanomaterials in the fields of energy, catalysis, biomedicine and other fields.