电离层扰动是电离层中能量远距离传输最主要的动力学方式。本项目基于GNSS多系统接收机在国内及国际的组网，对电离层扰动的精细结构进行观测，系统分析气象源、地质源、人工源以及天文事件源等不同类型源激发的电离层扰动的时间空间演变，通过比较不同类型源激发的电离层扰动的传播结构，结合模拟工作，研究如下内容：（1）对电离层扰动的多波场结构进行观测，分析单一源激发多个扰动情况下电离层扰动复杂的二维传播过程和时空分布；（2）研究电离层扰动传播过程中的能量衰减特征和规律，结合全波解模拟，分析电离层扰动耗散机理；（3）观测低纬地区电离层扰动的二次激发和传播过程，研究电离层扰动激发特征。本项目综合使用美国的GPS，俄罗斯的GLONASS，以及中国的北斗系统对电离层扰动进行观测研究，有利于充分利用GNSS多系统的星座结构丰富、观测点密集、覆盖面广的优势，深入揭示电离层扰动激发和传播的细节特征。

Ionospheric disturbance is a key dynamic process that transports energy for long distances in the ionosphere. In this project, we plan to study the fine structures of ionosphere by the use of networks observations from GNSS receivers, and analyze the temporal-spatial variations of ionospheric disturbances through comparing the observations of ionospheric disturbances excited by different sources such as meteorological sources, the geological sources, the artificial sources, and the astronomical sources. The studies include the following aspects: (1) Observation of multi-field structures of the ionospheric disturbances, and the analysis of the two-dimensional propagation process of the multi-field wave structures excited by a single source; (2) Studies of the dissipation process of ionospheric disturbances at different latitudes and local time, and the simulation of dissipation mechanism; (3) Excitation of the secondary ionospheric disturbances at low latitudes. This project plans to monitor the ionospneric disturbances through the combined observation from various Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) including GPS of USA, GLONASS from Russia, and Beidou of China, and aims to reveal the detailed properties of the excitaion and propagation of ionospheric disturbances.