风云三号B星微波湿度计陆地部分观测资料同化问题研究

卫星微波观测资料作为一种新型的探测资料，在我国的气象研究和业务预报中研究得不够深入，应用亦不够广泛,尤其考虑到地表发射率的复杂性，陆地上空的微波观测资料的研究更为有限。为了在数值模式中有效利用风云三号B星搭载的微波湿度计在陆地上空的观测资料，本项目拟通过修改辐射传输模式RTTOV，使之可利用MWHS/FY-3B陆地上空的观测计算更为接近实况的动态地表发射率，研究计算结果的准确性，提出相应的质量控制方案；并将通过质量控制的点对应的通道3-5的资料同化进数值模式，探讨启用动态地表发射率的情况下产生的同化作用及进一步的预报影响。本项目的创新性在于：在模式中使用更为准确的动态的地表发射率，有效提高卫星数据在数值模式中的使用率，以FY-3B为例的研究方法和结果可用于其他卫星同类微波观测资料，为向全球推广FY-3星数据的使用，建立稳定可靠的全球卫星观测资料集提供科学依据。

As a new type of the observation data sources, satellite microwave observation data is not applied very extensively in the meteorological research and operational weather forecast. Considering the complicated surface emissivity, the study of the microwave observations over land is very limited. In order to effectively use the Microwave Humidity Sounding data of Fengyun-3B over land in the NWP, we propose to modify RTTOV in order to calculate the dynamic surface emissivity by using MWHS/FY-3B data over land; to test the accuracy of the dynamic emissivity and propose the possible quality control procedures. Then assimilate the MWHS/FY-3B data of channel 3-5 and discuss the assimilating and forecasting impacts by using the dynamic emissivity. The innovation of this project lies in that the dynamic emissivity used in NWP is more real and can effectively increase the satellite data use rate in NWP. At the same time, the methodology can be applied on the data set from the similar microwave instruments. Based on this, the reliable FY-3 data set could be provided to the whole world for the operational use.