光子神经形态系统因为光子学的高速、高带宽等固有优势成为信息科学与神经科学的新兴交叉前沿热点。现有研究表明，半导体激光器可模拟神经元的放电动力学特性，激光器网络也可实现类似神经元网络的零延时同步。然而，目前光子神经元局限于模拟脉冲放电，异构时延耦合激光器或神经元网络的同步机制尚不明确。.本项目基于非线性动力学和复杂网络理论，针对激光器和神经元的动力学特性及网络同步调控开展深度融合的交叉研究。首先，基于半导体激光器的动力学特性提出并实现物理可控的光子神经元新方案，从单个神经元尺度模拟其脉冲放电、簇放电、混沌放电等丰富的动力学行为。其次，研究多尺度激光器网络与神经元网络的集群动力学行为、同步机理及同步性能调控。最后，构建光子神经形态系统及网络实验平台，通过实验手段揭示神经元网络零延时同步的形成机制。本项目有助于理解脑信息处理的神经动力学机制，同时推动激光器在光子神经形态系统领域的潜在应用。

Photonic neuromorphic system has become a new cross-disciplinary research focus for both information science and neuroscience, due to the intrinsic advantages of high speed and wide bandwidth of photonics. In the literature, semiconductor lasers can mimic the firing dynamics of neuron. Besides, similar zero lag synchronization has been found in both laser network and neuron network. However, the existing photonic neurons are limited to mimic only the spiking behavior, and the synchronization regime is still unclear in the laser network or neuron network in the presence of heterogeneous time delays..In this project, based on the nonlinear dynamics and complex network theory, we study the dynamics and synchronization properties for both semiconductor laser network and neuron network. At first, at the level of single neuron, we propose and realize controllable photonic neuron based on the dynamics of semiconductor laser, and mimic the spiking, bursting as well as chaotic firing dynamics. Besides, the collective dynamics, synchronization regime and synchronization control for the multi-scale laser network and neuron network are investigated and compared. At last, based on the photonic neuron, we construct the photonic neuromorphic system and photonic neuron network, and experimentally reveal the mechanism of zero lag synchronization of remotely distributed neuron networks. This project is helpful for understanding the neuron dynamics mechanism of brain information processing, and is also valuable for promoting the application of semiconductor laser in photonic neuromorphic system.