高茬粘重地表油菜精量联合直播机深施肥障碍因子消除策略

针对油菜精量联合直播机在长江中下游地区高茬粘重稻茬田作业时，深施肥铲易铲体挂草壅堵、排肥口回土粘附堵塞，难以实现深施肥以提高肥料利用率的瓶颈，提出高茬粘重地表条件下的犁翻扣垡埋茬、旋耕包络刮土、仿生构形防堵的深施肥障碍因子消除策略。开展秸秆土壤物理机械特性测试，应用机械土壤动力学、土壤粘附力学，结合数值仿真、高速摄影技术探明高茬黏土扣垡深埋影响要素，明确土壤秸秆翻埋运移规律，阐明高茬秸秆深翻埋覆机理；分析粘重土壤接触的界面状态，揭示松碎黏土粘附堆积及粘重土壤粘附动态特性，建立粘附堆积量与包络结构参数数学模型，优化旋耕部件与深施肥铲包络参数及结构，并应用结构仿生技术提出防回流堵塞方法；构建机组作业通过性及深施肥作业障碍评价原则，结合CT断层扫描、作业质量分析等验证油菜直播深施肥作业障碍因子消除策略并研制配套的深施肥装置，为提高在高茬粘重地表油菜精量联合直播机深施肥作业的适应性探索新的途径。

In view of the present situation that the deep fertilizer components for rape combined planter are easily clogged and entangled due to high straws and heavy viscosity soil in the dry paddy field in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The Barrier factors elimination strategy using plow to bury straws, rotary tiller to scrape soil and bionic structure to block soil backflow is proposed. By using mechanical soil dynamics, soil adhesion mechanics, EDEM-MBD coupling simulation, high speed photography and indoor and field experiments, the key factors to bury high straws and heavy viscosity soil will be analyzed. The moving law and burying mechanism for straws and soil will be obtained. The touching dynamic adhesion mechanism for viscosity soil and the law of adhesion and flowing for crush sticky soil will be acquired by analyzing linked interface state of sticky soil. To eliminate sticky soil blocking barrier, the active anti-blocking will be studied to establish the relationship between adhesion accumulation amount and envelope structure parameter and the bionic structure will be explored to acquire the soil backflow control method. The evaluating principle of working barrier for deep fertilizing will be established, including passing ability and power consumption. Using CT section scanning and power consumption measurement, Barrier factors elimination strategy for deep fertilizing will be verified and the optimization design for component parts will be conducted. The successful implementation of this project will solve the problem of deep fertilizer for rape combined planter and provide technical reference for structural design of other crop deep fertilizing.