农业的可持续发展迫切需要加强对土壤生物多样性的管理和利用。然而，迄今仍缺乏对农田土壤生物群落和功能调控机制的认识。资源有效性和土壤物理结构是决定土壤生物食物网结构的关键生境要素。因而，针对改善资源和物理结构的保护性措施可以促进土壤生物群落的发展，发挥生物自调节过程在生态系统功能中的作用。本项目以红壤地区有机物施用及免耕措施的野外调控实验为对象，基于土壤生境（有机物质量和物理结构）调控后土壤食物网（代表性功能类群）及生态功能（作物生长和分解过程）的连续监测，阐明土壤食物网结构和功能变化的时序格局；并在探讨土壤生境与食物网结构和功能关系的基础上，揭示土壤生物群落和功能的影响机制。预期结果不仅有助于深化对土壤生态系统结构和功能影响机制的认识，而且为将土壤生物资源的利用纳入生态农业技术管理体系提供依据。

Agriculture sustainability needs efficient management and utilization of soil biodiversity. Although the potential of agricultural management practice in regulating soil community and ecological functions has been well-known, the factors controlling biodiversity and functions in arable soil are not mechanically understood yet. Both organic matter and soil physical structure are of critical importance for soil habitat, as they determine the food resources and refuges of soil biota, respectively. However, very few field experiments aimed to study the dynamics of soil biodiversity and functions by directly manipulating soil habitat. Although numerous earlier studies has demonstrated that agricultural practices such as organic amendments and zero tillage would benefit the development of soil habitat and soil biota in sporadic studies, very few studies considered their integrated effects on the temporal changes of soil food web structure and soil functions. As a result, there is still far from comprehensively understanding the origins of soil biodiversity and their management. A red soil field experiment with factorial design was conducted in subtropical region of Southern China, with resource availability and soil physical structure directly modified by different organic amendments and tillage practice. Based on the hypothesis that soil managements that improve soil habitat would promote soil biodiversity and food web complexity, thus facilitating the biological regulations in agricultural ecosystem services, our study will explore the temporal changes of soil food web (via analyzing typical functional group) and functions (via analyzing plant production and organic matter decomposition). In particular, we will focus on the relationships among soil habitat and soil community/soil functions. To reach those objectives, our study will systematically evaluate soil habitat conditions by determining soil physical structure and organic matter quality, as they might contribute to soil biota development to a great extent. Based on the comprehensive analyses of temporal patterns of soil food web and soil functions, we will disentangle the complex relations among soil habitat and soil community/soil functions. Taken together, our results will help us clarity the mechanisms of how soil ecosystem structure influence soil ecosystem function and to what extent that soil habitat exerted effects. Furthermore, it will also provide scientific guidance for integrating soil biota as biological resource in formulating ecological agriculture managements.