阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种严重影响老年人生活质量的神经系统退行性疾病，其发病与免疫炎症密切相关。前期研究表明，黑逍遥散治疗AD疗效确切，可减少AD大鼠脑内β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积，改善AD大鼠学习认知能力，但具体作用途径不清。研究发现，抑制NLRP3炎症小体可以减少Aβ沉积，改善机体记忆能力和认知功能。基于此，项目提出“黑逍遥散干预AD的机制可能与其改善脑内免疫炎症，进而调控NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β信号通路，从而达到保护神经细胞的作用” 的假说。拟APP/PS1双转基因AD模型小鼠为研究对象，采用WB、RT-qPCR等多种方法，分析黑逍遥散对APP/PS1小鼠大脑海马区NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β通路相关因子表达的影响，阐释黑逍遥散治疗AD发生的分子机制，为探索中医药治疗AD的新靶点和揭示“肝肾同调“治疗AD的科学内涵提供实验依据。

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects the live quality of old people; its incidence is closely related to immune inflammation. Previous studies have shown that Heixiaoyao Powder has function to treat AD, including reducing the accumulation of Aβin AD rat brain, and improving the learning and memory in AD rat, but the mechanism is unclear. Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammation bodies can reduce the deposition of Aβ, and also improve the memory and cognitive function. Thus, this project has the hypothesis that the mechanism of Heixiaoyao Powder on treating AD may be related to its function on improving immune inflammation in the brain, mediating NF-κB/NLRP3/ caspase-1/IL-1β Signaling pathway to protect the nerve cells. To study the function of Heixiaoyao Powder in mediating the expression of NF-κB/ NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β Signaling pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mouse, the APP/PS1 double transgene AD mouse, and WB, RT-PCR and mother methods were used in the project. It will explains the molecular mechanism of Heixiaoyao Powder in treating AD, and provides the new targets for traditional Chinese medicine treating AD and reveals the scientific connotation according to ‘liver-kidney homology’ treat AD.