肝细胞癌（HCC）射频消融（RFA）后残留癌进展是影响其疗效的重要因素。我们前期发现，HCC不完全RFA后残留癌发生EMT；索拉非尼抑制了HCC不完全热消融后残留癌EMT；HCC细胞不完全热消融后糖酵解水平和ATPase抑制因子1（IF1）表达增加。IF1涉及肿瘤EMT和糖酵解。因此提出：IF1/NFκB/Snail/E-cadherin通路参与索拉非尼抑制HCC不完全热消融后残留癌EMT。本研究拟利用HCC细胞不完全热消融模型，敲低或过表达IF1，观察索拉非尼对HCC细胞增殖、侵袭、糖酵解、NFκB通路和EMT的影响；建立肝脏原位移植瘤RFA后残留癌模型，观察索拉非尼对残留癌生长及转移和IF1等表达的影响；激活/抑制ERK/NFκB活性，观察索拉非尼对HCC细胞不完全热消融后IF-1表达影响。该假说如获证实，将揭示索拉非尼抑制HCC不完全热消融后残留癌EMT机制，从而提高其临床防治水平。

Residual tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important prognostic risk factor. Our previous study demonstrated that EMT occur in residual HCC after insufficient RFA, sorafenib inhibited the EMT of residual tumor in HCC after insufficient thermal ablation, and the level of glycolysis and ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) expression were increased in HCC cells after insufficient thermal ablation. IF1 is involved in the EMT and glycolysis of tumor in HCC. So we hypothesized that sorafenib inhibits the EMT of residual tumor in HCC after insufficient thermal ablation through IF1/NFκB/Snail/E-cadherin signaling pathway. The present study was designed to verify the hypothesis by the following steps. We construct the model of HCC cell after insufficient thermal ablation in vitro. Then down- or up-regulating the expression of IF1, the effect of sorafenib on proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, NFκB signaling pathways and markers associated EMT were investigated. Meanwhile, we established the model of HCC orthotopic xenograft, and the model the residual HCC after RFA. Then the effect of sorafenib on in-situ growth and metastasis of residual HCC, and the expression of IF1, E-cadherin, and IF1 were investigated. Furthermore, activating or inhibiting the activity of ERK/NFκB, the effect of sorafeinb on the expression of IF1 was observed in HCC cells after insufficient thermal ablation. If the hypothesis is verified, the mechanism of sorafenib inhibiting the EMT of residual tumor in HCC after insufficient thermal ablation would be further revealed, which provides new insight for preventing the process.