"教育致贫“与”教育脱贫“：现状及相关政策评估——基于国家贫困人口建档立卡数据的研究

当前我国的扶贫工作正在从侧重物质资本投资转向以人力资本投资为主导，并强调要“精准扶贫”，因此亟需对贫困类型、贫困发生和消除机制以及扶贫政策的干预效果进行深入、细致的研究。本课题计划依托8900万全国贫困人口建档立卡数据，与相关社会调查数据、社会经济与教育财政统计数据等相匹配，建立超大规模的“中国教育与贫困研究数据库”；结合教育与减贫理论研究、国际比较研究、政策文本和个案分析、决策征询等，使用描述统计分析、观测数据因果推断方法（如DID, RD, IV, PSM等）和观察自然实验等，考察我国当前贫困人口中“因贫不学”、“因贫失学”、“因学致贫”及“因学脱贫”四种贫困与教育关系类型的现状和发生机制，并对当前中央和地方政府教育扶贫政策和干预项目（如“雨露计划”）的影响和效果进行科学的因果关系推断和效应量估计。在此基础上，本课题将对两类教育扶贫政策（防止因学致贫、帮助实现因学脱贫）提出改进建议。

Currently, China's poverty reduction is experiencing a transition from investment of mainly material capital towards human capital, and emphasizing on poverty alleviation in a more "targeted" manner, which calls for more detailed and in-depth studies on the typology and mechanism of poverty, the pathways and means of poverty reduction, and the effects of policy interventions. This proposed research project aims to (1) build an ultra-large scale “Chinese Database for Education and Poverty Research” based on the National Database for Poor Population and other data sources, (2) combine theories of the relationship between education and poverty, international comparative studies, analyses of policy texts and cases, policy consultations, etc., and (3) employ statistic descriptive analyses, casual inference methods with observational data (e.g., DID, RD, IV, PSM) and natural experimental designs to systematically examine the current status and mechanisms of non-schooling of the poor population, poverty caused and lifted by education, and the real impacts of educational pro-poverty policies and programs (such as the Plan of Rain and Dew). On the basis of theoretical and empirical findings, this project is expected to formulate policy recommendations with respect to two types of policies (namely education-focused policies that incur poverty and alleviate poverty).