浅埋房式残留煤柱失稳致灾机制及防控

神东煤田存在大量浅埋房式采空区，在其下近距离煤层进行长壁开采出现了直接顶切冒、支架压死、顶板大面积冲击式垮落、房式采空区及邻近下煤层飓风等灾害，已成为制约浅埋煤层安全高效开采的突出难题。目前国内外学者对煤柱合理尺寸及稳定性开展研究较多，但对采动影响下浅埋房式残留煤柱失稳致灾机制研究较少。因此，本项目以浅埋煤层房式采空区残留煤柱及其下方长壁开采为研究对象，通过建立"基本顶-残留煤柱-直接顶-支架"系统尖点突变模型，深入研究房式残留煤柱受下煤层采动影响时的应力分布及能量演化规律，建立煤柱群稳定性多因素综合判据，从而为研究房式采空区个别煤柱及大面积煤柱群失稳、残留煤柱下直接顶切冒及支架压死灾害等提供理论依据；分析导致房式残留煤柱失稳的关键指标，进而提出煤柱群大面积失稳致灾的针对性防控技术，结合现场条件进行工业性试验，确保浅埋房式采空区下近距离煤层安全高效高回收率开采。

Shallow depth room mining goafs are widely spread in the Shendong Coal Field, when mining the second seam which in proximity beneath a room mining goaf, various accidents have happened including immediate roof slice-caving, hydraulic support iron-bound, large area roof percussive caving, wind blast in the room mining goaf and its lower seam, these issues have seriously restricted the safe and efficient mining. At present, domestic and overseas scholars have paid more attentions to the pillar reasonable dimensions design and stability laws, but less focuses on the shallow depth room mining residual pillars instability induced accidents mechanism with the mining dynamic pressure influence. Thus, this project takes the shallow depth room mining goaf and the lower longwall face as the objects, by establishing a "Main roof-Residual pillars-Immediate roof-Hydraulic support" system cusp catastrophic model, the stress distribution and energy evolution laws, and the multi-factors comprehensive criterion of the room mining residual pillars, affected by the lower seam mining, can be revealed, the results will provide a theoretical basis for the instability evolution from individual pillar to large area pillars, and immediate roof slice-caving and hydraulic support iron-bound accidents; by analyzing the key factors result in the pillar instability, the targeted prevention technology can be implemented in the field conditions, ultimately guarantee the safe, efficient and high recovery rate mining in the shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf.