5岁以下儿童死亡是衡量一个国家或地区的经济文化水平、居民健康状况和卫生保健事业发展情况的重要指标，降低5岁以下儿童死亡率是《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020)》重要目标之一。儿童死亡率在发达国家和发展中国家存在显著差异，我国城市与农村也存在明显差异。2009年联合国儿基会发布的《世界儿童状况》报告显示：中国5岁以下儿童死亡率从1990年到2008年下降54%，我区也从2003年的32‰下降到2008年的17‰。尽管死亡率呈逐年下降趋势，但下降幅度有所减少，为掌握全区5岁以下儿童死亡状况，我们采用全面调查方法，以全区103个旗县区的100万人口为调查对象，利用妇幼卫生三级网络信息管理体系，收集5岁以下儿童死亡卡及相关报表，分析内蒙古地区5岁以下儿童死亡状况及死因动态变化趋势，针对发现的问题提出相应的干预措施，减少儿童死亡的发生，指导和完善基层妇幼卫生工作，进一步推动全区妇幼卫生事业发展。

The death of Children under 5 years old is an important indicator to measure a country or region's economic and cultural level, residents' health status and health care development. Reducing the mortality of children under 5 years old is one of the important goals in the "outline Chinese child development (2011-2020)”. There are significant differences between the developed and developing countries, and there are significant differences between urban and rural areas in china. In 2009, UNICEF issued the "state of the world's children" report shows: Chinese mortality of children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2008 fell 54%, I also fell from 32 per thousand in 2003 to 17 per thousand in 2008. Although the mortality rate decreased year by year, but the decline has decreased, as the information on the children under 5 years old death situation, we adopt comprehensive investigation method, in the region of 103 counties of the 1 million population as the research object. We collect card and report the death of children under 5 years old using information management system of maternal and child health three level network . Analysis trends in mortality and causes of death in children under 5 years old in Inner Mongolia area. According to the found problems and put forward the corresponding intervention measures, reduce child deaths; to guide and improve the maternal and child health work, to further promote the development of the maternal and child health.