好人得福还是好人吃亏？探究员工换位思考的积极和消极结果

管理实践中，无论是整合信息完成工作任务，还是处理工作中的人际关系，都离不开换位思考的关键作用。然而，组织管理领域关于换位思考的研究才刚刚起步，对于换位思考的影响与作用机制的探索比较有限。换位思考是一种从其他人的视角看待世界的主动认知过程。换位思考具有认知功能和社会功能。一方面，换位思考可以帮助员工有效应对工作要求和社会关系需求，另一方面，员工的换位思考也可能潜藏着不容忽视的负面作用。本项目围绕换位思考，立足于以往文献中换位思考的认知功能和社会功能，采用多种理论视角，采纳跨层次设计，结合多种研究方法，通过四个相互联系的子研究来分别探讨员工换位思考可能产生的积极结果和消极结果，进一步指出换位思考产生积极、消极影响的中介机制和边界条件。本项目初步尝试在组织情境中构建换位思考的影响路径，为充实、丰富换位思考在组织管理领域的学术研究，指导、干预换位思考在企业管理中的具体实践提供实证支持与理论牵引。

There are many studies on perspective taking in the social psychology field, while the research on perspective taking in the organizational management discipline has just begun. Perspective taking refers to a proactive cognitive process in which individuals imagine the world of others. Since perspective taking embodies the cognitive function as well as the social function, it could help individuals to cope effectively with the work tasks and work relationships...This research project applies multiple theoretical perspectives, adopts cross-level research designs and utilizes qualitative together with quantitative research methods to focus on perspective taking in the organizational context. Specifically, this research project sets out to explore the positive effects and the negative effects of employee perspective taking with four interrelated studies. Moreover, this research project also attempts to delineate the mediating mechanisms and the boundary conditions for the positive and negative influences of employee perspective taking...Particularly, according to the social information processing theory, Study 1 explores the positive effect of the cognitive function embedded in employee perspective taking. Specifically, perspective taking would prepare employees to form paradoxical mindset, which in turn boosts individual creativity. In addition, both team work-based construal level diversity and task variety act as the moderators strengthening the positive relationship between employee perspective taking and paradoxical mindset as well as the positive indirect relationship between employee perspective taking and creativity through paradoxical mindset, resulting in a first-stage moderated mediation model...Study 2, as a dairy study, follows the logic of ego depletion theory and centers around the negative effects of the cognitive function embedded in employee perspective taking. In detail, employee daily perspective taking depletes individual ego resource, which brings in more daily work deviance in the work domain and increased family undermining in the family domain. Furthermore, servant leadership behaviors could weaken but task conflict could strengthen the positive relationship between daily perspective taking and ego resource depletion as well as the positive indirect relationships between daily perspective taking and daily work deviance, family undermining...Study 3 draws from the social capital theory to investigate the positive effects of the social function embedded in employee perspective taking, which explains the positive indirect effect of employee perspective taking on task performance through social capital development behaviors. Moreover, Study 1 also reveals the cross-level strengthening effects of leader networking encouragement and team cross-functional interfaces on the relationship between employee perspective taking and social capital development behaviors as well as the indirect relationship between employee perspective taking and task performance...Study 4 bases on the victim precipitation theory to detect the negative effects of the social function embedded in employee perspective taking. In particular, when leader perspective taking is low, or when team perspective taking differentiation is high, employee perspective taking has a positive relationship with exploitative leadership encounters, which results in decreased organizational citizenship behaviors at work and increased insomnia at home...Overall, this research project aims to initially construct a primary theoretical framework of perspective taking in organizational context, which could not only enrich the academic research of perspective taking in organizational management filed, but also guide the perspective taking practices in enterprise management with solid empirical evidence and refreshing theories.