基于W染色体多态性的鸡起源进化与种质鉴定研究

地方鸡品种是我国动物遗传资源重要的组成部分，其起源进化和遗传多样性一直是人们研究的热点。以往的研究多集中常染色体核DNA和线粒体DNA层面，研究结果一直存在争议。近年来，性染色体多态性成为研究人类和动物起源进化十分有效的遗传标记。本项目针对鸡W染色体潜在微卫星座位（W-STR）、单核苷酸多态性（W-SNP）、插入和缺失（W-InDel）和拷贝变异（W-CNV），采用高通量技术（重测序、RNA-Seq等）筛选，常规技术（PCR、QPCR等）验证，研究我国地方鸡种W染色体变异模式、遗传分化差异和分子遗传多样性，追溯家鸡的进化历史，相互亲缘关系和分类地位；探索W染色体标记作为鉴定不同鸡品种（群体）来源和纯度的可行性；阐明家鸡是单一起源还是多起源的科学问题；为我国地方鸡种质资源保护、科学分类及开发利用提供新的方法和理论。

Chinese native chickens are an important animal genetic resource ,the orign and genetic diversity of native breeds is a research focus for the preservation of this resource. Most molecular studies of chicken domestication have used the polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and autosomal loci, the result is always in dispute in the academic field. The polymorphism of sex chromosome are recently most effective markers in studying the origins of human and animals. Through the next generation sequencing, routine molecular cloning techniques,the potential microsatellite loci, single nucleotide polymorphism, insertion/deletion and copy number variation will be investigated. The mutation model of W-chromosomal, genetic differentiation and molecular diversity of the different chicken breeds will be analyzed. To trace the history of the evolution, genetic relationship, classification status of Chinese domestic chicken ,to probe into the feasibility of the W-chromosomal markers to use for the identification of purity and origin of different chicken breeds and to solve the problem of single or multiple origins of domestic chickens. The new method and thinking may can provide the theory for conservation,classification and development of Chinese native chickens .