石墨烯材料因其诸多的优异性能而备受关注。石墨烯的功能化对实现其应用价值非常关键。在目前的功能化研究当中:大多数缺乏局域选择性，功能化的位置不可控；功能化基团在石墨烯表面分布不均匀；功能化程度的控制不够精确；功能化材料的性能重复性差等。在本项目中，将利用扫描探针显微镜(SPM)技术，通过探针的电、热等效应引发功能化反应。该方法借助SPM技术的高空间分辨率能力，选择性的功能化预定区域，实现功能化区域的选择性。在此基础上可以实现多级、分步功能化：在石墨烯表面不同的区域分步嫁接不同的基团；或在初步功能化的分子上进一步嫁接其它功能化单元。功能化程度可由探针施加刺激的强度、移动速度及与样品间的距离等参数来调控。并将研究功能化单元的种类、数量、分布等因素对功能化材料电学性质的影响。研究结果对发展石墨烯材料的可控功能化方法、筛选性能优异的石墨烯材料、石墨烯器件及集成电路的研究等都有重要的意义。

Graphene materials are attracting tremendous amount of attention due to its unique properties and promising application. Modifying graphene in a controlling manner is a critical step for many graphene subjects such as gap-tuning, pre-designed structure fabricating, device development. However, to date, most of modification were not carried out in a controlling way, for instance, modification lack of spatial resolution, functional group were not distributed uniformly on graphene surface, modification degree can not be controlled precisely etc. In this project, functionalization of graphene will be initiated by the stimulus (bias, heat etc.) of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip. Benefit from this designation as following: 1) high spatial resolution of SPM will bring position selectivity to modification, which means modification can be patternized; 2) position selectivity also makes it feasible for multi-step, hierarchical functionalizing. Donor or acceptor group can be grafted in different area of graphene with SPM, thus in-plane device will be fabricated successfully; Functionalization group can react further with other aiming unit, then vertical device such as hetero p-n junction can be made also; 3) partial rather than full modification will alleviate deterioration of other properties caused by side effect of modification; 4) degree of modification can be tuned in a more controllable way ,by adjusting strength of tip stimulus, tip velocity and distance between tip and sample etc. The effect of varied factors such as different functional unit, degree of modification, size of functional structure on the properties of graphene materials will be studied systematically. Results are significantly important in sorts of researching areas including studying graphene and other carbon materials, developing graphene device and integral circuits, constructing surface pattern etc.