基于反向病原学开展湖北省鼠和蝙蝠携带的重要病毒病原学和流行病学研究

鼠和蝙蝠是多种新发病毒的自然宿主，严重影响公众健康。湖北省地理位置特殊，生物资源丰富，是多种鼠和蝙蝠的重要栖息地。随着长江经济带区域发展，湖北省作为中部地区的重要枢纽，贸易往来日益频繁，尤其是此次武汉新冠肺炎爆发警示防控再发和新发传染病的传入和流行十分重要。课题组自上世纪80年代始在湖北地区开展汉坦病毒分子流行病学研究，揭示疫区自然宿主（褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠等）和终宿主（HFRS患者）间流行特征存在差异，但这些病原在动物宿主和人群的感染及流行病学状况尚不清楚，是亟需解决的关键科学问题。本项目选择在湖北省重要地区设立监测点，采集鼠、蝙蝠、病例样本，基于反向病原学新理念开展鼠和蝙蝠重要病毒病原学和流行病学研究，揭示鼠和蝙蝠携带病毒多样性本底和流行特点以及与人类疾病的相关性，阐明其传播机制和风险，分析鼠和蝙蝠在病毒传播生态中的作用，并驯化优势鼠和蝙蝠，服务于湖北省动物源性传染病防控和长江经济带发展。

Bats and rodents are nature reservoir of various emerging viruses, which seriously endanger public health. The Hubei province possesses a special geographical position ans is rich in biological resources and is an important habitat for a variety of rodents and bats. With the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt Region, the trade exchanges of Hubei province is increasingly frequent. The outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan has made it important to prevent and control the introduction and prevalence of recurrent and emerging infectious diseases. Our research group has been conducting molecular epidemiological studies of Hantavirus in Hubei province since the 1980s, revealing differences in epidemiological characteristics between natural hosts (Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, etc.) and definitive hosts (HFRS patients) in epidemic areas. However, the infection and epidemiological status of these viruses in animal hosts and human populations are still unclear, and they are the key scientific problems that need to be solved urgently. This study intends to set up surveillance sites in the several important areas in Hubei and perform nosetiology and epidemiology studies based on the reverse microbial etiology, using collected bats, rodents and case samples. The purpose include that revealing the diverse background and epidemic characteristics of viruses of rodents and bats and the correlation of these viruses to human diseases, identifying the mechanism and risk of viral transmission, recognizing ecological roles of rodents and bats in viral pathogen spread, and also trying to domesticate a dominant rodent species and a dominant bat species in Hubei which carrying diverse pathogens, serving infections disease prevention and control of animal origin in Hubei province and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.