面向污水再生的抗生物污染反渗透功能层构建及其防御-反抗-清除机制

城市污水再生是缓解水资源危机、保障城市水循环的重要举措，符合国家推进污水资源化利用的重大战略需求。反渗透作为高品质再生水水质保障的关键技术，但生物污染是限制其推广应用的瓶颈。针对目前单一功能膜改性及单独膜改性难以实现长效控污的问题，本项目拟引入“防御-反抗-清除”膜功能改性理念，构建“两性离子聚合物-纳米银-含氟聚合物”多级屏障型反渗透功能层，探究功能膜水处理效能和生物污染特征；考察功能膜对污染过程的定向管控和抑制作用，揭示“防御-反抗-清除”多级抗生物污染机制；识别功能膜再生水处理系统中诱导生物污染的关键水质因子和水力条件，解析“功能界面-系统条件-生物污染”交互作用关系，探明系统优化调控机制。项目旨在建立膜单元设计、协同系统优化的“单元设计-系统优化”复合抗污染工艺体系，实现对反渗透膜生物污染的高效持久控制。研究成果将为污水再生中高效抗污反渗透膜的开发和工程应用提供理论基础和技术参考。

Urban wastewater reclamation is an important approach to alleviate water crisis and ensure urban water recycling system, which is in accordance with China’s major strategic demand to promote the utilization of sewage resources. Reverse osmosis has been regarded as a key technology for high-quality reclaimed water assurance, but membrane biofouling is a bottleneck which restricts its further application. As neither the current single-function membrane modification nor membrane modification alone can achieve long-term biofouling control, this project proposes to introduce a “defensive-offensive-release” membrane function modification concept, to construct a “zwitterionic polymers-silver nanoparticles-fluoropolymers” multi-level barrier-based reverse osmosis function layer, and investigate relevant membrane performance and biofouling behavior. Next, the project will study the membrane’s directional control and inhibition towards biofouling process, and reveal the “defensive-offensive-release” multi-level anti-biofouling mechanism. Finally, the project will explore the key water quality factors and hydraulic conditions that induce membrane biofouling during wastewater reclamation, clarify the interaction relationships between “function layer interface-system conditions-membrane biofouling”, and find system optimization control mechanism. This project intends to establish a “unit design-system optimization” integrated anti-biofouling system with membrane unit design and system synergistic optimization, thus realize a highly efficient and long lasting biofouling control of reverse osmosis membranes. The results of this project provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development and engineering application of highly efficient anti-biofouling reverse osmosis membrane technology for wastewater reclamation.