超冷费米气体在合成规范场中的实验研究

超冷原子作为一个纯净可人为操控的物理系统，可实现几何构型、维数、相互作用形式以及丰富内部自由度可调控的量子多体系统，它是研究新物态及其物理规律,发现新奇量子现象的理想平台。但凝聚态体系中往往要研究在电磁场中运动的电子, 超冷原子是不带电荷的中性原子，因此通过产生有效电磁场（合成规范场）的方法使超冷原子感受到一个等效电磁场。本项目通过光与原子相互作用产生合成规范场，利用合成规范场产生的自旋轨道耦合, 研究简并费米气体的奇特的量子特性，特别是通过磁场Feshbach共振、动量分辨射频谱、低维光阱、超高分辨率原位测量等技术研究自旋轨道耦合的简并费米气体中各种拓扑态的基本性质。

As the pure and controllable physical system，ultracold atoms may be manipulated by spatial geometric configuration，dimension，interaction and rich internal freedom. Thus it is ideal platform to study the new phase and physical principles, discover the novel quantum phenomena. The movement of the electron in the electric or magnetic fields is studied usually in the condensate matter system. However, ultracold atoms are neutral particles without the charge. The synthetic gauge potential is induced by laser-atom interaction in this project. The spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gas is achieved by the synthetic gauge potential and its novel quantum characteristics is studied. Especially the characteristics of the different topological states in spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gas are investigated by the magnetic Feshbach resonance, momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectrum, low dimensional optical dipole trap, in-situ imaging.