硬骨鱼类骨骼肌形成的生物学基础及其适应性进化机制

鱼类骨骼肌多为非限定性生长模式，鱼类游泳能力与其骨骼肌组成多样性和肌纤维增殖分化能力差异性的关系、高度分化的鱼类骨骼肌纤维结构与功能相关性以及形态与生态适应性的遗传基础、鱼类骨骼肌中快/慢肌类型分化与转化的调控机制等是鱼类发育生物学和资源生物学关注的热点。围绕鱼类骨骼肌发生发育命题，学术界尚有分歧，此外，涉及海水经济鱼类的骨骼肌发生发育研究几近空白。因此，本项申请拟聚焦持续式、爆发式和延长式三类游泳能力鱼类及其代表种，研究快肌与慢肌的生态形态学特征和动态变化规律，分析线粒体基因组突变率相关性；在确定三种游泳类型代表种骨骼肌发育和分化特点的基础上，运用多组学分析技术，比较它们不同发育阶段骨骼肌纤维的组织结构特征和关键基因表达规律，提出鱼类骨骼肌结构与游泳能力适应性的遗传学证据，揭示鱼类快/慢肌发生和分化的调控机制，丰富鱼类发育生物学和适应性演化理论，为海洋鱼类资源养护提供理论支撑。

The skeletal muscle of finfish presents a non-limited-growth mode. To meet their adaptive needs for different physiological functions, those finfish with different swimming abilities show much diverse from the skeletal muscle composition and the abilities of muscle fiber proliferation and differentiation. The significant difference of physiological and biochemical functions among the skeletal muscle fiber types, such as fast and slow muscles, relates with the coordinated rearrangement of muscle fiber types and the expression of specific genes of each subtype. Therefore, to reveal the genetic evidence of the adaptability of skeletal muscle structure and different swimming abilities of teleost fishes, we plans to study the ecologically morphological characteristics of fast and slow muscle together with their dynamic changes. Moreover, the correlative analysis of the mutation heritability of mitochondrial genome will be conducted. Consequently, according to the characteristics of skeletal muscle development and differentiation, the target species will be applied not only to reveal the regulatory mechanism of slow muscle development in those highly migratory fish by using multi-component analysis technologies but also to understand the biological basis of the process of skeletal muscle formation. As a result, this study will clarify the tissue structure characteristics and key gene expression rules of skeletal muscle fibers and physiological stages of teleost in those given species, as well as able to provide new clues and evidence for the derivation and evolution of skeletal muscle in finfish. The relevant results plays an important significance role in offering a reference for both explicating the formation/maintenance mechanism in teleost diversity and strategizing about the approach to take ecological conservation.