海面微波散射场频谱特征不但能体现回波强度信息而且还直接反映了海浪运动特征，随着ATI-SAR、多普勒散射计等新型传感器的快速发展，基于微波频谱信息的海流探测技术得到广泛关注，然而，海面微波散射场频谱模型的准确性却成为当前制约海表流场反演精度的重要因素。.频率泄漏效应会导致微波散射场频谱发生畸变，而大尺度海浪调制效应、海面高阶散射场和束缚波散射场等因素亦会对微波散射场频谱特征产生显著影响，然而，这些因素至今尚未被考虑或完全解决。鉴于此，本课题将结合海面斜率与轨道速度的非高斯联合概率分布函数以及海浪经验调制函数模型，应用电磁散射小斜率近似方法和双尺度理论深入研究频率泄漏效应、时间弛豫因子、海浪非线性效应、高阶散射场和束缚波散射场等关键因素对海面回波质心频移和谱宽的影响，并建立海面微波散射场频谱模型。在不同海况条件下，通过与X/C波段微波散射计实测数据相比较，验证所得微波频谱模型的有效性。

The Doppler spectral properties of microwave scattering field from sea surface not only reflect the intensity information of scattering echo but also directly reflect the motion characteristics of ocean waves. With the rapid development of microwave sensors, such as ATI-SAR and Doppler Scatterometer, the Doppler information of microwave scattering field has a wide application prospect in remote sensing of ocean surface current. At present, the spectral model of microwave scattering has become an important factor restricting the inversion accuracy of oceanic dynamic factors..The spectrum of the microwave scattering from sea surface will be distorted by the frequency leakage. Meanwhile, the modulation of the large-scale waves, the high order scattering field and the scattering field from bound waves also have significant influence on the spectral characteristics. However, up to now, these factors have not yet been considered or fully addressed. Therefore, in combination with the non-Gaussian joint probability distribution function of the wave slope and the orbit speed, the influences of the frequency leakage, the time relaxation factor, the high-order scattering fields and the scattering fields from the bound waves on the spectrum are deeply studied on the basis of the small slope approximation method and two-scale method. Then, a theoretical spectrum model of the microwave scattering field is established. The validity of the spectrum model would be verified by comparing with the measured data under different sea conditions..This research will be helpful to improve the retrivel accuracy of the sea surface current and promote the development of microwave ocean remote sensing technology.