土地政策与经济增长：基于结构转型与要素错配模型的研究

我国土地具有独特的“双重职能”：既是生产要素，又是政府财政工具，政府的土地政策通过土地生产要素的职能影响了要素配置效率，进而影响我国的结构转型和经济增长。本项目将关注土地作为生产要素的作用，旨在建立符合我国实际的多部门多地区经济增长模型，探讨土地政策对经济增长的影响机制。研究将在经典的结构转型和要素错配模型框架中引入土地，依据我国国情刻画以下几类土地政策：单一地区内部，城乡土地转化限制，工业和商住土地市场差异化的用地政策；地区之间，以土地为工具的地方政府竞争，和中央政府的跨地区土地配额调控。本项目将探讨这些土地政策如何直接影响土地要素的配置效率，间接影响资本、劳动要素的配置效率，进而影响我国的产业结构转型和地区间平衡，最终影响经济增长。在理论模型基础上，进一步开展量化分析，寻找当前国情下的最优土地政策，为我国土地市场改革提供理论依据和政策建议。

In China, land has unique "dual functions". Land is not only a production factor, but also a policy tool of the government. Land policies affect the efficiency of factor allocation, which then affects the structural change and economic growth. This project focuses on the role of land as a factor of production, aiming to establish a multi-sectoral and multi-regional economic growth model in line with China's specific national conditions, and explores the impact mechanism of land policy on economic growth. This research will introduce land factor into the classical framework of structural change and misallocation model, and model the following land policies: Within city, different land policies among agriculture, manufacture and service industries, and among cities, local governmental competition with land as a tool, and cross regional land quota regulation by the central government. This project will explore how these land policies directly affect the allocation efficiency of land factors, indirectly affect the allocation efficiency of capital and labor, and then affect the strustural change and interregional development in China. All these will finally affect economic growth. On the basis of the theoretical model, further quantitative analysis is carried out to find out the optimal land policy under current Chinese national conditions. We hope to provide theoretical framework and policy recommendations for the land market reform in China.