琼东南盆地冷泉差异发育的流体动力学特征及其深部控制机理

海底冷泉与天然气水合物资源、全球气候变化和极端环境生态系统等重大问题密切相关，具有重要的科学意义。冷泉系统形成演化影响因素众多，其时空分布、活动特征及相关物理、化学和生物作用差异较大。冷泉活动的浅表层响应与深部控制要素的耦合关系、冷泉差异发育的流体动力学过程与控制机理等科学问题有待深入研究。本项目拟以琼东南盆地为研究对象，针对冷泉差异发育特征及其控制机理问题，选取冷泉活动典型站位，以流体动力学研究为主线，深浅相连，将浅表层冷泉观测数据与深层地质环境、地层压力等要素相结合，精细刻画冷泉流体从物源层向浅表层运移的渗漏通道特征，开展冷泉流体流动与能量转化过程数值模拟，查明冷泉浅表层响应与深部要素之间的耦合关系，定量分析冷泉差异发育的时空演化规律，建立冷泉差异发育的流体动力学模式，探讨冷泉差异发育的控制机理，为冷泉环境水合物勘查与试采、深海物质和能量迁移转化及极端环境生态系统研究提供理论依据。

The submarine cold seeps are closely related to major issues such as natural gas hydrate resources, global climate change, and extreme environmental ecosystem, which have important scientific significance. There are many factors affecting the formation and evolution of the cold seep system. Their spatial and temporal distribution, activity characteristics, and related physical, chemical, and biological effects are very different. Coupling relationship between shallow surface of cold seeps activity and deep control factors, hydrodynamic process and control mechanism of differential development of cold seeps need to be further studied. This project intends to take the Qiongdongnan Basin as the research object and select typical cold seep active stations to solve the problem of cold seep differential activity process and their control mechanism. Based on the previous research, we plan to take the hydrodynamic research as the main line, and combine the observation data of the shallow cold seeps with the deep geological environment and formation pressure to carry out the numerical simulation of the cold seep fluid flow and energy conversion process. Moreover, portray the dynamics process of fluid migration from deep to shallow. And analyze the geological conditions and control factors of different types and characteristics of cold seep systems. Afterward, identify the coupling relationship between the shallow surface response of the cold seeps and the deep elements. And quantitatively analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the differential development of the cold seeps. We will then establish a dynamic model of cold seep differential development. In the end, we will discuss the control mechanism of cold seep differential development. This work can provide theoretical basis for cold seep environmental hydrate exploration and trial mining, deep-sea material and energy migration-transformation, and research on extreme environmental ecosystem.