深海海沟声传播特性与目标探测方法研究

深海海沟海域具有特殊的战略地位。针对目前对海沟海域声学特性认识不足、目标探测研究极少的问题，本项目结合已有研究基础和初步实验数据，深入研究海沟“V”型地形和极深水深对声传播的影响，以及基于声传播特征信息的目标探测方法。重点研究垂直海沟延伸方向，快速变化的“V”型地形对声传播特性的影响，分析特殊地形下的声传播多途信息和声强分布；研究海沟延伸方向，地形平坦时极深水深下的传播损失特性以及反转点汇聚区增益和该区域“条纹”声强分布特征；基于极深海域声传播特性，利用海洋深处环境噪声低、极深水深下反转点汇聚区增益等优势，研究深海目标探测和定位方法。结合项目组已有的马里亚纳海沟实验数据，初步探究海沟声的传播特性，并进一步设计完成实验，验证研究结果并完善深海目标探测与被动定位方法。

Deep-sea trench plays an improtant role in the ocean strategic of China. Aiming at the problems of insufficient understanding of acoustic characteristics of trench sea area and little research on target detection at present, this project is based on the existing research basis and preliminary experimental data to research on the effect of trench environmental characteristics on acoustic propagation and target detection method based on acoustic propagation feature information. Along the vertical direction of the trench extension, focus on the influence of rapidly changing terrain on acoustic propagation characteristics, analysis of multi-path information and acoustic intensity distribution of acoustic propagation; Propagation loss characteristics of extremely deep water depth along the direction of the trench extension, as well as the characteristics of the convergence area of the reversal point; Based on the characteristics of acoustic propagation, the detection and location of deep-sea targets are studied by using the advantages of low ambient noise and the gain of the convergence area of the inversion point under extreme depth. Based on the existing Mariana Trench experimental data of the project team, we preliminarily explore the acoustic propagation characteristics of trench sound, and further designs and completes the experiment, validates the research results and the method of target detection and passive location.