X/Ka波段雷达联合飞机探测降雪云系水凝物粒子相态研究

降雪云系中水凝物粒子相态变化复杂，单部天气雷达很难有效探测其微观结构和微物理变化过程，基于单一探测手段的水凝物粒子相态识别结果准确性也无法达到令人满意的程度。因此，本项目利用X/Ka雷达、微波辐射计、显微观测系统、二维雨滴谱等地基设备和飞机探测平台，开展北京海坨山区不同降雪过程（降雪/降霰/雪霰混合）综合观测试验，设计空-地基联合观测方案，研究不同水凝物粒子相态对应的X/Ka雷达探测参量特征范围和基于模糊逻辑函数的水凝物粒子相态识别方法；在此基础上，继续深入研究利用飞机实测粒子相态和微波辐射计液水路径参数改进水凝物粒子相态识别方法，提高降雪云系中冰和混合相态的识别准确度。项目目标是提出科学的空-地基联合观测方案，建立一套基于X/Ka雷达、微波辐射计和飞机的降雪云系水凝物粒子相态识别方法。

Single weather radar is difficult to detect the microstructure and microphysical processes of snowfall cloud system due to the complex phase change of hydrometeor. The accuracy of the hydrometeor identification based on a single detection method also cannot reach a satisfactory level. In this project, we demonstrate the application of ground-based equipment (X/Ka-band radar, microwave radiometer, microscope system, two-dimensional disdrometer, etc.) and aircraft platform to carry out comprehensive observation experiments of snowfall processes (snow/graupel) in Haituo Mountain, Beijing. This study uses the X/Ka radar to investigate the parameter range according with the hydrometeor phases based on fuzzy logic identification method. The classification accuracy of ice and mixed phases in snowfall clouds will be improved based on the aircraft measured particle phase and microwave radiometer liquid water path data. This project aims to propose a scientific ground-based and space-based joint observation for snowfall and to establish hydrometeor identification method based on the joint observation.