肿瘤免疫治疗是一种通过调节免疫系统，从而控制与清除肿瘤的一种治疗方法。目前已在肝癌、胰腺癌、肺癌和卵巢癌等实体瘤的治疗中展示出了强大的抗肿瘤活性。现代研究表明，中药可以通过对免疫微环境中各类免疫细胞的调节，重塑免疫微环境，增强抗肿瘤作用。本项目前期对丹参中的活性成分隐丹参酮进行体内外实验研究，发现隐丹参酮很有可能通过调节机体免疫发挥抗肿瘤作用，单细胞测序实验进一步证实其可以显著改善三阴性乳腺癌的免疫微环境。本项目前期已经通过Cibersort反卷积算法，针对TCGA数据库中三阴性乳腺癌样本中的免疫细胞类群进行分析，并整合了隐丹参酮的网络药理学分析，结果表明，隐丹参酮通过抑制ET-1/ETR信号轴，重塑三阴性乳腺癌的免疫微环境，发挥抗肿瘤的作用。本项目的顺利完成，将为中药活性成分调节免疫微环境发挥抗肿瘤作用提供高效的研究方法，为中药小分子抗三阴性乳腺癌研究提供新分子、新思路和新策略。

Tumor immunotherapy obliterates tumors by regulating the immune system and it has shown strong power to remove solid tumors such as liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. Advanced studies suggest that the traditional Chinese medicine are able to remodel immune microenvironment and enhance the anti-tumor activity via regulating various immune cells. Recent experimental findings in vivo and in vitro suggest that cryptotanshinone, the active ingredient extracted from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, is likely to exert anti-tumor activities by regulating immunity system. Single-cell sequencing experiment provides further confirmation of improvement in immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer. In the early stage of our study, Cibersort with deconvolution algorithm has been used to analyze the immune cell group in triple-negative breast cancer samples curated from the TCGA database. Combined with the network pharmacological analysis of cryptotanshinone, the outcome shows that cryptotanshinone can inhibit the ET-1/ETR signal axis, thus remodel the immune microenvironment and exert anti-tumor activity of triple-negative breast cancer. The successful completion of this study will provide an efficient, practical procedure for the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate the immune microenvironment and exert anti-tumor effects. Besides, this study also provides new molecules, innovative ideas, and new strategies for overcoming anti-triple negative breast cancer with small molecule originated from traditional Chinese medicine.