建筑形体设计性能辅助方法的建筑师适用性提升关键技术研究

新时期更强调建筑方案设计中形体对建筑能耗、采光、通风等绿色性能的影响；但既有性能辅助方法与建筑设计的思维和习惯不符、难以有效帮助建筑师将性能问题融入形体创作。本研究拟结合几何匹配、随机森林、朴素贝叶斯、随机优化等数字方法，探索提升形体设计性能辅助方法建筑师适用性的关键技术、调和设计创作性与性能科学性间的矛盾，帮助建筑师在保持形体设计自由度和创作思维习惯的前提下兼顾性能问题。首先，针对既有性能辅助方法的瓶颈问题，提出形体规则形象化定义、模型语义识别与容错、兼容不确定性的形体优化三项关键改进方法；进而，以夏热冬暖地区办公建筑设计为例，开发算法与工具雏形、实现所提出的方法，并检验其可行性和有效性。本研究的预期成果有助于弥补既有形体设计性能辅助方法的不足、促进其在设计实践中的广泛使用，从而推动建筑性能的提升与建筑能耗的降低；同时也为建筑设计引入了新的数字手段，有助于设计方法的进步与设计结果的丰富。

The influence of form design on building performance, e.g., energy consumption, daylighting, and ventilation, is increasingly emphasized in the new era. However, existing performance aiding methods are not accordant to the nature and custom of design, and thus cannot help architects consider performance issues during form creation effectively. In this research, digital methods including Geometrical Matching, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and Stochastic Optimization are integrated to explore the key improvements of architects’ usability of the performance aiding methods for architectural form design, aiming to mitigate the conflicts between the creative nature of design and the scientific nature of building performance, and to help architects take performance issues into account while maintaining the freedom and the creative way of thinking during form creation. First, three key methods are proposed, namely intuitive definition of form features, semantic recognition and fault tolerance of form models, and uncertainty-inclusive form optimization, in order to solve the bottleneck problems of the existing performance aiding methods. Then, the proposed methods are implemented by developing algorithms and design tools taking the office building design in the hot-summer-warm-winter climate zone as an example. The feasibility and effectiveness of the methods are also verified by users’ trials. The expected achievements of this research can overcome the weakness of the existing performance aiding methods for form design and facilitates their wide utilization in design practice. Consequently, the building performance can be improved and the building energy consumption can be reduced. In addition, new digital methods are introduced to the area of architecture design by this research, making contributions to the improvements of design methods and the fruitfulness of design outcomes.