基于电磁时间反演的脉冲电磁辐射源定位关键技术研究

近年来，时间反演技术及其在脉冲电磁辐射源定位中的应用得到越来越多关注，有望提供一种区别于传统的磁场测量定向和时差测量定距之外的定位新方法。本项目围绕电磁时间反演及其在空间脉冲电磁辐射源的定位应用，针对脉冲电磁辐射源多径传播引入的干扰和多个脉冲电磁辐射源的同时定位两个关键问题，通过理论推导、仿真分析和试验验证相结合，提出和完善定位新模型和新算法，促进电磁时间反演技术的定位应用。重点研究多个电磁范数特征量及其应用于空间定位聚焦的判据；采用特征值分解迭代和子空间分解的方法，建立多个脉冲电磁辐射源的定位模型并进行试验验证；研制基于脉冲辐射天线的亚纳秒电磁脉冲辐射系统，开展理论模型的定位性能验证，研究天线数量、极化状态等参量与定位精度的依赖关系，优化和完善理论模型。项目理论研究成果在雷电监测、局部放电诊断、大型脉冲功率装置辐射源排查和有意电磁干扰（IEMI）定位等领域具有潜在的应用价值。

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the time-reversal technique and its application in the location of a pulsed electromagnetic radiation source, which may hopefully offer a new location method different from the traditional magnetic direction finding method and time-of-arrival method. Aiming at two key problems, namely, the disturbance caused by multipath transmission of pulsed electromagnetic radiation source and the simultaneous location of multiple pulsed electromagnetic radiation sources, this project will focus on applying the time-reversal technique in the location of pulsed electromagnetic radiation sources in free space and develop as well as improve the new location model and algorithm by combining the theoretical derivation, simulated analyses and experimental verification together, which should facilitate the application of the electromagnetic time-reversal technique in location. First, the multiple electromagnetic norm characteristics and the criterion of its application in the spatial location focus will be studied, then with the method of eigenvalue decomposition iterations and subspace decomposition, several location models of the multiple pulsed electromagnetic radiation source will be set up and tested experimentally. A sub-nanosecond electromagnetic pulse radiation system based on an impulse radiating antenna will also be developed for the validation of the proposed location model. The project will verify and improve the location performance of the theoretical model by analyzing the dependency between the parameters (number of antennas, polarization states, etc.) and the location accuracy. The research results of this project will have potential application value in the lightning monitoring, partial discharge diagnosis, radiation source detection for large pulsed power equipment, and intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) location.