基于时空轨迹数据和声信号的放牧羊群牧食行为研究

内蒙古草原羊群主要采用草地放牧管理，近年来，由于牧民盲目扩增牲畜数量，草畜矛盾加重，而草畜管理部门缺乏创新的管理方法，无法实时监控和掌握牧民的放牧行为，存在同一块草场过度放牧，未能及时转场，以及羊群出现在禁牧区等情况，影响草畜管理部门对退牧还草、划区轮牧、草原生态补偿等项目的科学决策。本项目研制羊只牧食行为检测的智能项圈，搭建羊群牧食行为监测软硬件平台，采用北斗卫星定位技术获取放牧羊群的时空轨迹数据，并对羊只采食、反刍和游息等牧食行为声信号进行特征提取和分类识别研究，实现快速、大范围的羊群放牧强度和采食量时空分布动态监测，并对海量时空轨迹数据进行挖掘，建立羊群采食量的预测模型，估测草畜平衡下的合适载畜率。该项目的实施可为草畜管理部门的牧场草地建设提供决策依据，实现草地放牧监测、利用和建设的良性发展，对促进畜牧业经济与草地生态可持续发展有重要的意义和应用价值。

Grassland grazing management is the main way of sheep flocks grazing in Inner Mongolia. In recent years, due to the herdsmen's blind expansion of the livestock population, the conflict between grass and livestock has been aggravated. The grass and animal husbandry management department also lack of innovative management methods of real-time monitoring herdsman grazing behavior, so it has happened things like the excessive grazing on the same pasture, failing to transfer pastures in time, even finding herds in prohibited grazing areas, etc. This has impact on the animal husbandry management departments to make scientific decision on projects of returning grazing to grassland, rotation grazing and grassland ecological compensation. Therefore, the project is going to develop the intelligent collar for detecting sheep behavior, and build sheep flocks behavior monitoring software and hardware platform. Besides, the Beidou satellite positioning technology is used to obtain the data of the spatial and temporal trajectory of grazing herds, and the feature extraction and classification of sheep behavior such as feeding, ruminant and tourism will be studied based on acoustic signal. So, the dynamic monitoring of the spatial-temporal distribution of herd grazing intensity and feed intake in a wide range is realized quickly. In addition, in order to build the prediction model of sheep feed intake, and estimate the stocking capacity under livestock balance, the massive spatial-temporal trajectories data mining will be carried out. The implementation of this project can provide decision-making basis for pasture-grassland construction of grass-livestock management department and realize the benign development of grassland grazing monitoring, utilization and construction, which has important significance and application value for promoting animal husbandry economy and sustainable development of grassland ecosystem.