城镇化中我国农村老人的心理健康面临挑战。一方面，生活和居住方式的改变，叠加高龄、独居和失能等因素加剧了老人的心理健康风险；另一方面，农村老人心理健康发展尚未纳入城镇化政策议程，政府投入极为有限。本课题基于我国“撤村建居”的实践，强调优化社区环境在保障老人心理健康中的重要作用。课题的目标是：1. 通过系统性文献综述、荟萃分析、层次分析法、因子分析等研究方法，构建“撤村建居”中影响老年人心理健康的社区环境因素的评估指标体系；2.通过自然实验法、多层线性模型、扎根理论、话语分析等研究方法，获取一手的评估社区环境影响老人心理健康的实证数据，并进而提出在城镇化过程中优化农村社区环境以促进老年人心理健康的路径。本课题研究结果有助于理解中国城镇化情境下的农村社区环境变迁对老年人心理健康的影响机制，并进而为制定科学有效的社区老年心理健康促进和干预政策，以及将这些政策融入新型城镇化政策总体目标当中提供指导。

The situation of Chinese rural older people’s mental health is alarming. It is seen that changes in lifestyle and living arrangement, together with senility, solitude, and disabilities, may worsen the mental health of the rural elderly on the one hand; and on the other, maintaining mental health of the rural elderly has not been recognized as a policy goal for urbanization, which substantially thwarts its attraction for public resources. Based on the evidence from the “changing village to residential committee” movement, this project stresses the importance of community environment in sustaining the rural elderly’s mental health. The goals of the project are two-fold. First, through systematic review, meta analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and factor analysis, we aim to construct a scale for assessing the community environments that affect older people’s mental health in the context of the “changing village to residential committee” movement. Second, through natural experiment, multilevel modeling, discourse analysis, and grounded theory, we aim to collect first-hand data as with the influences of community environment on Chinese rural older people’s mental health. Based on the empirical results, we’d further sort out an optimal approach to enhance rural community’s environment, in order to create better elderly mental health results. This project may facilitate the understanding of the relationship between community environment and elderly mental health in Chinese rural context, and it can further promote scientific and efficient community interventions for elderly mental health. Most importantly, it may incorporate better rural elderly mental health as a key policy goal in China’s new-type urbanization.