基于煤矸石的新型微波吸收材料设计、合成与性能研究

针对磁损耗吸波材料轻质化的发展要求，本研究拟利用固废煤矸石制备金属/碳/陶瓷三元复合吸波材料。通过引入造孔剂，以煤矸石为原料合成轻质、多孔结构的煤矸石基陶粒，然后借助毛细作用将不同体系的前驱体溶液引入到煤矸石陶粒内部，经惰性气氛下不同温度焙烧即可获得陶瓷复合吸波材料。围绕合成工艺、液相制备方法及碳热还原反应制度等参数进行优化设计，从而实现Fe、Co、Ni等不同磁性组分均匀负载的陶瓷复合吸波材料可控合成，并研究复合材料的电磁特性，阐明复合材料的微波吸收性能及损耗机理，达到对复合材料物相组成、微观结构和吸波性能的较精确调控。最终制得的金属/碳/陶瓷三元复合吸波材料吸波性能良好，而且原料来源广泛，成本低，所涉及的制备工艺简单。该研究可以有效解决磁损耗吸波材料比重大的问题，同时也实现了煤矸石的高效回收利用，为综合利用煤矸石制备新型陶瓷基复合吸波材料提供实验依据和理论基础。

For the demand of lightweight magnetic-loss absorbents, the ceramic-based microwave absorbing materials, metal/carbon/ceramic ternary composites will be prepared using the industry solid waste, coal gangue as raw material in this study. First, the lightweight and porous proppants were synthesized by the coal gangue combined with pore-forming agent. The ceramic-based absorbents could be prepared using coal gangue-based proppants as carrier to load different precursor solution through capillary action as well as the subsequent carbothermal reduction at different annealing temperatures under an inert atmosphere. And the magnetic components iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. uniformly loaded ceramic-based composites were prepared in a controllable way by optimizing parameters, including synthetic process, the liquid phase synthesis method and carbothermal reduction schedule. Moreover, microwave absorption and the corresponding loss mechanism were investigated by studying the electromagnetic characteristics of ceramic-based composites, which could conversely adjust the phase composition, microstructure and properties of the absorbents. It was found that the prepared metal/carbon/ceramic ternary composites possessed the advantages of wide raw material sources, low cost and simple preparation process, exhibiting excellent microwave absorption. In addition, the issues of high density for magnetic-loss absorbents as well as high efficiently utilizing of coal gangue were resolved simultaneously. All of which provided the experimental and theoretical basis for recycling coal gangue to prepare the novel ceramic-based absorbents.