超高层建筑烟囱效应和风压联合作用的机理与评估方法研究

随着超高层建筑数量和高度的激增，与烟囱效应相关的负面影响日益突出，如影响电梯运行安全，增加建筑能耗，扩大污染物传播等。烟囱效应热压和风压联合作用问题的复杂性主要由风引起。本课题通过对烟囱效应和风压渗风模式的考察，研究二者联合作用下的渗风机理；基于流体力学和风工程原理，建立更精细的热压-风压联合作用渗风计算模型；采用多区网络模型和CFD数值模拟方法，模拟联合作用效应，分析室内外压差、空气渗透量、中和面高度、气流通道、极端风气候条件下的风险性等；利用计算风工程新成果以提高CFD数值模拟的精确度；采用大气边界层风洞模拟方法，进行8-10种典型超高层建筑缩尺模型风压通风试验，并建立基于风洞试验-数值模拟的热压和风压联合作用综合评估方法体系；研究防治和缓解联合作用不利效应的设计策略和技术措施，为优化建筑设计提供指导。本课题将有助于提升超高层建筑设计的安全性和科学性，为今后有关技术规范的修订提供参考。

The negative impacts of the stack effect are remarkable with rapid increasing of the super high-rise buildings both in number and in height, such as affecting elevator safety, wasting building energy and spreading air pollution etc. The complexity of the combined stack and wind effects is mainly caused by the wind exclusively. The infiltration mechanism of the combined stack and wind was investigated through exploring their respective effect, and the refined infiltration model was then built based on the theories of the fluid mechanics and wind engineering. The pressure differences between indoor and outdoor, the air infiltration, the height of the Neutral Pressure Level, the airflow path as well as the risk under extreme wind climate condition were numerically analyzed utilizing the multi-zone model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation simultaneously. The latest research findings from the computational wind engineering (CWE) were adopted to help improve the CFD accuracy. The experiments of the natural ventilation by wind loads of 8-10 scaled building models were performed in boundary layer wind tunnel. A synthesized evaluation method, which integrating the wind tunnel and the numerical simulation closely, was then established for the research of the combined stack and wind effects. Finally, the prevention and mitigation measures against the stack effect were proposed for optimizing the architecture scheme purpose. This topic will be helpful for improving the safety and scientific design of modern super high-rise building, as well as for the future revision of the technical code.