调水背景下南水北调东线河湖底栖动物时空差异及驱动机制

南水北调是解决我国北方地区缺水的重大战略工程，而沿线河湖生态系统的健康直接关系到工程的顺利运行。目前，对调水沿线河湖生态系统的研究还十分薄弱。本项目拟选择南水北调东线5个调蓄湖泊及输水干渠，以大型底栖无脊椎动物为研究对象，就多时空尺度下跨流域调水引起的水文、环境变化对底栖动物的驱动过程进行系统研究。首先，阐明多时空尺度下水文、环境因子以及底栖动物分布规律，比较其时空差异性。其次，分析驱动底栖动物的关键水文、环境因子，解析其对底栖动物影响的贡献；甄别与跨流域调水密切相关的水文、环境因子，系统把握关键要素，构建跨流域调水-水文环境-底栖动物动态耦合关系。最后，整合相关参数，构建多时空尺度下底栖动物对跨流域调水响应的预测模型，并对模型进行验证。本项目尝试探索调蓄水对底栖动物群落和生物多样性的驱动过程和机制，可为南水北调东线河湖生态系统健康的生物学评价、保护和科学调水提供理论依据和技术支持。

The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer (SNWT) Project is an important strategic project to alleviate water scarcity of northern China. The ecological health of river and lake ecosystems along the route is essential to the smooth operation of this project. However, the systematically ecological studies are quite scarce about the conditions of the lakes and rivers along the route of the SNWT. In this project, we address this issue by choosing five lakes and main water conveyance channel on the eastern route of the SNWT, as one-case study. The aim of this project is to interpret how the hydrological and environmental alternations drive the benthic macroinvertebrates under the background of inter-basin water transfer. First, we examine multiple spatial and temporal patterns of hydrological condition, environmental factors and macroinvertebrate assemblages, and then compare their spatio-temporal differences. Second, we detect the key hydrological and environmental factors driving macroinvertebrate communities, and illustrate their respective contribution to benthic communities. We distinguish these factors which closely relate to inter-basin water transfer and integrated them into one proposed framework, and then build the dynamic coupling relationship of inter-basin water transfer, hydrological and environmental factors, and macroinvertebrates. Finally, we will establish the quantitative relationships between macroinvertebrate and the stress of inter-basin water transfer based on above studies, to predict and assess the multi-scale impacts of inter-basin water transfer on macroinvertebrates communities. These results can provide important implications for ecological health evaluation, biodiversity conservation, scientific water transfer and management in the eastern route of SNWT region.