南方稻区水稻直播稻种均裸露在泥面，受鸟害、鼠害及雨水冲刷等影响，导致直播全苗难及群体生长不均匀。为解决上述问题，提出了一种新型水稻机械直播悬摆式同步覆土技术及装置，开展覆土全苗的红黄壤接触-流变耦合机理及配套装置研究。拟通过测试播前土壤机械物理特性，开展田间农艺试验，研究不同播期、品种和覆土厚度对水稻出苗率及出苗响应速率的作用规律，揭示直播覆土的最佳厚度范围；采用动力学、刚体运动学、离散元法、有限元仿真和高速摄像技术，探明悬摆式覆土装置触土部件工作过程中土壤的运移规律，揭示触土部件与播前土壤间接触-流变耦合机制；运用多目标优化和回归分析，量化覆土工作环节关键参数与覆土效果评价指标的相互关系，构建水稻机械直播同步覆土性能预测模型，提出覆土厚度均匀性的控制策略，优化悬摆式同步覆土装置关键参数。本项目的实施将为直播水稻同步覆土技术及装备的研究开发奠定理论基础。

The rice seeds directly planting on the soil surface are damaged by the birds, voles and sunshine in the southern rice area, and the establishment of direct seeding is worse and the population growth is uneven, so a new swing type of covering equipment of rice direct seeding is designed, the red-yellow soil contact-flow couple mechanism and technology of the covering establishment are studied. Firstly, the mechanical and physical characteristic of the direct seeding soil are test, and the soil mechanics are employed on field agronomic experiments, the rice emergence rate and response speed are influenced by the sowing date, varieties and covering depth, the control mechanism of covering depth is analyzed. Secondly, the dynamics, kinematics, discrete element method, ANSYS simulation and high speed camera technology are conducted to analyse the migration law of soil on the soil-engaging component of swing type equipment, thus the contact-flow couple mechanism between the soil-engaging component and the direct seeding soil is determined. Additionally, the quantitative relationship of key parameters of covering and covering performance index is built to predict the covering performance model by the multi-objective optimization and regression analysis, the control strategy of covering depth is submit to optimize the key parameters. The research results would be beneficial for the covering technology and equipment on rice direct seeding.