皮革电荷性质的表征和调控方法及其在构建无铬鞣法染整工艺平衡理论中的应用

实施无铬鞣法，从源头消除铬污染，是皮革工业持续健康发展的必然趋势。但由于缺乏准确测定皮革等电点和带电状态的方法，对无铬鞣法及其染整工艺体系的电荷调控机制尚缺乏认识，难以科学指导无铬鞣皮革与染整化学品的结合，严重制约了无铬鞣法的发展与应用。本项目拟基于聚电解质非均相结合的原理，建立皮革Zeta电位和等电点的测试技术，并应用该技术系统研究无铬鞣皮革和染整化学品带电状态的调控规律。在此基础上，进一步研究无铬鞣皮革和染整化学品Zeta电位的调节对染整化学品结合率及成革综合性能的影响，阐释以静电力为主导的无铬鞣皮革-染整化学品相互作用机制，构建以电荷调控为核心的无铬鞣法染整工艺平衡理论，为实现无铬鞣皮革与染整化学品的高效结合，推动无铬鞣体系的大规模应用提供理论指导和技术支撑。

Application of chrome-free tannage to eliminate chrome pollution at the origin is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of leather industry. However, the mechanism of charge regulation of chrome-free tanning and post-tanning system remains unclear due to the lack of a proper method of determining the isoelectric point and charge state of leather, which is difficult to provide a scientific guide for the binding behavior of chrome-free leather and post-tanning chemicals. Therefore, the development of chrome-free tannage has been severely restricted. In this project, a novel technique for determining Zeta potential and isoelectric point of leather will be established based on the principle of heterogeneous binding of polyelectrolytes. Using this technique, the adjusting regulations of charge states of chrome-free leather and post-tanning chemicals will be investigated. Then the effects of the adjustment of Zeta potentials of chrome-free leather and post-tanning chemicals on the binding rate of chemicals and the comprehensive properties of crust leather will be further explored. As a result, the interaction mechanism dominated by electrostatic force between chrome-free leather and post-tanning chemicals will be elucidated, and the post-tanning process balance theory of chrome-free tannage based on charge regulation will be constructed. This project will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the effective binding of post-tanning chemicals with chrome-free leather and the large-scale application of chrome-free tanning system.