神经性听力损失对使用声音精细结构与时域包络感知言语的影响

声音由精细结构与时域包络信息构成，听力正常人主要依靠精细结构感知言语声调，依靠时域包络感知言语音节。研究发现，感音性听力损失导致精细结构信息感知障碍，对时域包络感知可能并无影响，但尚未明确神经性听力损失对使用声音精细结构与时域包络信息的影响。我们前期研究工作发现，神经性听力损失患者有别于听力正常人，他们使用时域包络感知言语声调，提示神经性听力损失可能导致精细结构信息感知严重缺失。我们将使用心理声学的研究方法，评价神经性听力损失患者耳蜗与听神经的功能特性，评估他们分别使用声音精细结构与时域包络感知汉语言语的能力，研究神经性听力损失患者使用不同声音信息的能力与噪声下言语识别能力之间的关系，分析声音精细结构与时域包络信息分别在神经性听力损失患者进行言语感知过程中的作用，以期阐明神经性听力损失对使用声音精细结构和时域包络信息的影响。

Fine structure is dominant in Mandarin lexical tone perception, and temporal envelope is important in phoneme perception for normal-hearing listeners. Previous studies found that the cochlear damage may induce the difficulty in processing fine structure information, while may preserve the ability to process temporal envelope information. However, it has not been demonstrated that how neural hearing loss would impact on the ability to use fine structure and temporal envelope information. Our recent studies observed that the patients with neural hearing loss almost rely on temporal envelope information in lexical tone perception which is different from normal-hearing listeners, indicating that neural hearing loss may cause severe deficits in fine structure perception. By conducting psychoacoustic studies, first, we will evaluate the frequency selectivity and temporal resolution ability for patients with neural hearing loss. Second, we will test the patients' speech perception ability using sythesized speech materials, either containing fine structure alone or temporal envelope alone. Third, the speech perception ability in noise will be assessed for patients with neural hearing loss to investigate its relationship with fine structure and temporal envelope coding ability. The role of fine structure and temporal envelope in speech perception for patients with neural hearing loss will be investigated, in order to demonstrate the effect of neural hearing loss on the ability to use fine structure and temporal envelope information.